Weaponization of Social Media Resulting in Unrest in the Society

Authors

  • Vyankatesh Vilasrao Kahale Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra Author
  • Dr. Vikas K Jambhulkar Guide and Head of Department of Political Science, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29070/5zgzep16

Keywords:

Social Media, Weaponization, Misinformation, Digital Propaganda, Social Unrest, Cyber Law, Public Order

Abstract

The fast growth in social media use has led to a shift in social discourse, political communications, and civic incorporation. Nevertheless, the manipulative aspect of it as a political instrument has caused the weaponization against people through platforms like digital media, which has also been a significant cause of social instability. The paper will focus on the role of algorithmic amplification, misinformation, coordinated disinformation campaigns, and echo chambers in enhancing polarization and fuelling real-life instability. It examines the causality of the connection between propaganda online and offline outcomes, which involve communal strains, protest escalation, mob violence, and institutional warning loss. It applies a doctrinal and analytical methodology to measure structural weaknesses in social media systems and constraints of current regulatory methods. The article posits that the unregulated digital manipulation endangers social unity and democracy. It concludes that dealing with weapons of social media necessitates enhanced digital literacy, open platform management, proportional regulation, and multi-televangel stakeholder cooperation to ensure that digital narratives are not reflected in the unrest of society without infringing on the freedom of expression.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of economic perspectives, 31(2), 211-236.DOI: 10.1257/jep.31.2.211

2. Tucker, J. A., Guess, A., Barberá, P., Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., ... & Nyhan, B. (2018). Social media, political polarization, and political disinformation: A review of the scientific literature. Political polarization, and political disinformation: a review of the scientific literature (March 19, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3144139

3. Aral, S. (2020). The hype machine: How social media disrupts our elections, our economy, and our health—and how we must adapt. Currency.

4. Persily, N., & Tucker, J. A. (Eds.). (2020). Social Media and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

5. Surjatmodjo, D., Unde, A. A., Cangara, H., & Sonni, A. F. (2024). Information pandemic: a critical review of disinformation spread on social media and its implications for state resilience. Social Sciences, 13(8), 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13080418

6. Azzimonti, M., & Fernandes, M. (2023). Social media networks, fake news, and polarization. European journal of political economy, 76, 102256.

7. Brezatis, I. (2023). Weaponization of social media in conflict-The high level of coordination and integration between those engaged in physical battlefield warfare and those engaged in social media operations (Master's thesis, Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς). http://dx.doi.org/10.26267/unipi_dione/3515

8. Rodič, B. (2025). Social Media Bot Detection Research: Review of Literature. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.22838. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.22838

9. Marigliano, R., Ng, L. H. X., & Carley, K. M. (2024). Analyzing digital propaganda and conflict rhetoric: a study on Russia’s bot-driven campaigns and counter-narratives during the Ukraine crisis. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 14(1), 170.

10. Rodilosso, E. Filter Bubbles and the Unfeeling: How AI for Social Media Can Foster Extremism and Polarization. Philos. Technol. 37, 71 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00758-4

11. Fahad, A., & Mustafa, S. E. (2025). Locked in echoes: unveiling the dynamics of social media echo chambers and Hindu radicalization targeting Muslim youth in Delhi. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1).https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04638-w

12. Xu, G., Qian, M., & Meng, L. (2025). Misinformation dissemination on social media: key research themes and evolutionary paths between 2013 and 2023. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1775. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-06067-1

13. Soroush Vosoughi (2018), The spread of true and false news online.Science359,1146-1151(2018).DOI:10.1126/science.aap9559

14. Shu, K., Sliva, A., Wang, S., Tang, J., & Liu, H. (2017). Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective. ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter, 19(1), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1145/3137597.313760

15. Gillespie, T. (2014). The relevance of algorithms. Media technologies: Essays on communication, materiality, and society, 167(2014), 167.

16. Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G.L., Varol, O. et al. The spread of low-credibility content by social bots. Nat Commun 9, 4787 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06930-7

17. Frame, A., & Brachotte, G. (2018, June). Engineering victory and defeat: the role of social bots on Twitter during the French PresidentialElections. In Comparing two outsiders' 2016-17 wins: Trump & Macron's campaigns.

18. Bradshaw, S., & Howard, P. N. (2019). The global disinformation order: 2019 global inventory of organised social media manipulation. Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/93/2019/09/CyberTroop-Report19.pdf

19. Quattrociocchi, W., Scala, A., & Sunstein, C. R. (2016). Echo chambers on Facebook. Available at SSRN 2795110.

20. Cinelli, M., De Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 118(9), e2023301118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023301118

21. Aulisio, G. J. (2018). # republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2018.1449394

22. Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of economic perspectives, 31(2), 211-236.DOI: 10.1257/jep.31.2.211

23. Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of economic perspectives, 31(2), 211-236.DOI: 10.1257/jep.31.2.211

24. Tucker, J. A., Guess, A., Barberá, P., Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., ... & Nyhan, B. (2018). Social media, political polarization, and political disinformation: A review of the scientific literature. Political polarization, and political disinformation: a review of the scientific literature (March 19, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3144139

25. Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K., & Cook, J. (2017). Beyond misinformation: Understanding and coping with the “post-truth” era. Journal of applied research in memory and cognition, 6(4), 353-369.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2017.07.008

26. Bail, C. A., Argyle, L. P., Brown, T. W., Bumpus, J. P., Chen, H., Hunzaker, M. F., ... & Volfovsky, A. (2018). Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(37), 9216-9221. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804840115

Downloads

Published

2026-01-01

How to Cite

[1]
“Weaponization of Social Media Resulting in Unrest in the Society”, JASRAE, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 655–670, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.29070/5zgzep16.