A study to assess effectiveness of health teaching
programme regarding children Act
among school children, in selected schools of the city
Ms.
Kanade Sujata Ramling*
Associate
Professor, Child Health Nursing, Tilak
Maharashtra Vidyapeeth,Trust, Institute of Nursing Education and Research,
Pune, Maharashtra, India
sujatakanade498@gmail.com
Abstract: Introduction:
Children are the most vulnerable group in any population and in need of the
greatest social care. On account of their vulnerability and dependence they can
be exploited, illtreated and directed into undesirable channels by antisocial
elements in the community. The State has the duty of according proper care and
protection to children at all times, as it is on their physical and mental
well-being that the future of the nation depends. Explain
the primary objectives of the Children Act, emphasizing its role in addressing
issues such as child protection, custody, and juvenile justice. Explore the broader evolution
of child rights and the
international context that influenced the formulation of the Children Act.
Research Approach: A quasi-experimental approach, Research
Design: One group pre-test
post-test research design, Setting: Selected schools of the city. Sampling Size: 60 students.
Sampling Technique: Purposive
sampling technique Population:
schoolers comes between the age
group of 10 to 12 years selected schools of city. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that samples had 72.29%
knowledge about child act but after planned health teaching there is improved
in knowledge about 80.44%. According to our observation the objectives of assessing the effectiveness
of planned health teaching regarding
child act among schools in Pune city is achieved. There was a significant
association between post-test knowledge with age, previously identified
children with behavioral problems.
There was no significant association between post-test knowledge with age, sex,
qualification year of experience, qualification year of experience.
Keyword: Child Act,
schoolers, Assess, Effectiveness, Health Teaching
INTRODUCTION
The Children Act in India, primarily embodied in the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,
2015 (and its 2021 amendment), is the primary
legislation for children in conflict with law and those needing care and
protection. It ensures child-friendly adjudication, rehabilitation, and social
reintegration. Children are the most
vulnerable group in any population and in need of the greatest social care. On
account of their vulnerability and dependence they can be exploited, illtreated
and directed into undesirable channels by antisocial elements in the community.
The State has the duty of according proper care and protection to children at
all times, as it is on their physical and mental well-being that the future of
the nation depends. With increased industrialization and urbanization. The
State needs to be even more alert and vigilant in this respect. This Bill
provides for the care, protection, maintenance welfare, training, education and
rehabilitation of neglected or delinquent children and for the trial of
delinquent children in the Union Territories for which the Central Government
has direct responsibility. It should also be remembered that the children often
become, delinquent by force of circumstances and not by choice. By improving
the unfavorable environment and giving suitable training, it is possible to
reform his antisocial attitudes and to mould him into a responsible citizen.
NEED FOR STUDY
Conducting
a study supports child advocacy efforts by identifying areas where the Children Act may fall short or
require enhancement, contributing to informed discussions and potential
legislative improvements.
Understanding
the impact of health teaching programs on children's awareness of the Children
Act is crucial for educators, policymakers, and parents to enhance educational strategies and ensure
effective dissemination of
legal knowledge.
The Children Act serves as a crucial legal
framework for the protection and well-being of children. Assessing its
effectiveness ensures that legal safeguards intended for children are meeting
their objectives
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM -
A STUDY TO ASSESS EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH TEACHING
PROGRAMME REGARDING CHILDREN
ACT AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN, IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF PUNE CITY.
OBJECTIVES:
1)
To implement planned
health teaching programme
regarding child act.
2)
To compare pre-test knowledge scores
and post-test knowledge scores within the demographic variables.
3)
To prevent diseases
and promote physical,
mental and social
well being of children
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION-
Assess-
The act
which is planned by the researcher to evaluate the knowledge of school teachers regarding behavioural problems by using a structured
questionnaire.
Effectiveness-
In this study, it refers to find out a desired
or intended result of structured teaching programme regarding behavioural problems among primary school teachers.
Structured Teaching Programme-
It refers to a systematically
planned group of instructional
design to provide information regarding behavioural problems among primary school teachers
Child act -
It is an
act that provides for the care, protection, maintenance, welfare, training, education, and rehabilitation of neglected
or delinquent children.
Rural –
It is a child protection systems
regarding children behaviour, mental health of children.
Hypothesis –
H0 - There
will be a significant improvement in the awareness and understanding of
children's rights among school children.
H1 - Positive changes
in their well-being and protection.
ASSUMPTION -
1.
People
will participate honestly
in the research process.
2.
The participants will have basic
knowledge of Marathi
language.
3.
The participant will have basic reading knowledge.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:
Hildegard
Peplau published interpersonal relation theory in nursing. She has given 4
phases for this theory The conceptual framework enables the researcher to
create a distinct relationship between theoretical and empirical literature in
addressing spiritual care in nursing practice (Christenson, 2007) The present
study aims at developing and evaluating structured teaching programme in
improving the knowledge regarding child act in primary school children. The
conceptual model for the study was based on the general system theory by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (1969).
In this theory, the main focus is on the discrete parts and their
interrelationship. Which consist of input, throughput and output.
Orientation Phase –
The
orientation phase is initiated by the nurse. This is the phase during which the
nurse and the patient become acquainted, and set the tone for their relationship, which will
ultimately be patient centred . During this stage, it is important that a
professional relationship is established, as opposed to a social relationship.
This includes clarifying that the patient is
the centre of the relationship, and that all interactions are, and will
be centred around helping the
patient. This phase is usually progressed through during a highly
impressionable phase in the nurse-client relationship, because the orientation
phase occurs shortly after admission to a hospital, when the client is becoming accustomed to a new environment and new people. The nurse begins to know the
patient as a unique individual, and the patient should sense that the nurse is
genuinely interested in them. Trust begins to develop, and the client begins to understand their
role, the nurse's role, and the parameters and boundaries of their
relationship.
In this
study the researcher will introduce himself to the population. The information
of thesamples will be taken. Informed consent will be taken from the
samplesWill be give questionnaire.
Identification Phase -
The client
begins to identify problems to be worked on within relationship. The goal of
the nurse is to help the patient to recognize his/her own
interdependent/participation role and promote responsibility for self.
In this
study the researcher will explain the objectives to the participants. The
samples will be given the questionnaire. The participants will be given
instructions about the questionnaire.
Exploitation Phase / Working
Phase –
During the
Working Phase, the nurse and the patient work to achieve the patient's full
potential and meet their goals for the relationship. A sign that the transition
from the orientation phase to the working phase has been made, is if the
patient can approach the nurse as a resource, instead of feeling a social
obligation to the nurse (Peplau, 1997). The client fully trusts the nurse and
makes full use of the nurse's services and professional abilities. The nurse
and the patient work towards discharge and termination goal
In this study the participants from the rural area will interact with the researcher and fill the questionnaire. The details from the
samples will be collected.
Resolution Phase/Termination Phase -
The
termination phase of the nurse client relationship occurs after the current
goals for the client have been met. The
nurse and the client summarize and end their
relationship. One of the key aspects of
a nurse-client relationship, as
opposed to a social relationship, is that it is temporary, and often of short
duration (Peplau, 1997). In a more long-term relationship, termination can
commonly occur when a patient is discharged from a hospital setting, or a
patient dies. In more short-term
relationships, such as a clinic visit, an emergency room visit, or a health bus
vaccination visit, the termination occurs when the patient leaves, and the
relationship is usually less complex. However, in most situations, the
relationship should terminate once the client has established increased
self-reliance to deal with their own problems.In this phase the researcher will
terminate the relationship with the participants The data will be analysed, and
the findings will be disseminated.
The conceptual framework used for this study is
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The review
of literature is defined as a broad, comprehensive depth, systematic and
criticallyreviews of scholarly
publications, unpublished scholarly print materials, audiovisuals
materials and personal communications. Review of literature is a critical
summary of research on a topic of interest generally prepared to put a research
problem is content to identify gaps and weakness is prior studies so as to justify
a new investigation (Polit and Beck, 2010) The researcher presents the review
of related literature which helps the studying of problems in depth. It also
serves as a valuable guide to understanding what has been done, what is still
unknown and untested. Review of literature is a critical summary of research on
a topic of interest generally prepared to put a research problem is content to
identify gaps and weakness is prior studies so as to justify a new
investigation (Polit and Beck, 2010)
Following research
were studied for review of literature –
In response
to concerns about the over-representation of minority children in the child
welfare system, the Children's Bureau sponsored an exploratory, qualitative
study of the child welfare system's
response to children
of colour, specifically, African-American children.
Conducted under a contract with CaliberAssociates, in collaboration with the
Howard University School of Social Work, the project was intended to meet the
following goals:
1.
To gain insight into the issue of
over-representationfrom the perspective of the child welfare community,
including agency administrators, supervisors, and direct service workers.
2.
To describe the strategies child welfare
and child-welfare serving agencies use to meet the needs of children and
families of colour in the child welfare system.
Specifically,
the project team conducted site visits to nine child welfare agencies to talk
with agency administrators, supervisors, and workers, among others, regarding
the issue of over-representation, and to find out more about the types of
programs, practices and strategies that are being implemented to meet the needs
of children and families of color, particularly African-American children and
families. While the team also was interested in gathering information regarding
programs, practices, and strategies
that were being implemented with minority populations other than
African-Americans, because African-American children are the most over-represented
minority population in the child welfare system currently, they are the primary
focus of the study.
LITERATURE REVIEW
RELATED TO BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS:
Akpan M U (2014) ,conducted a
comparative study of the academicperformance of primary school children with
behavioral disorders with that of their controls. A total of 132 primary school
pupils aged 6-12 years with behavioral 16 disorders using the Rutter scale for teachers (Scale B (2) and
their matched-controls were selected. Their academic performance was
assessed and compared using the overall scores
achieved in the first and second term examinations in the 2005-2006
academic sessions, as well as the scores in individual subjects. The number of days absent
from school was documented. While 26.5% and 12.9% of pupils with behavioral
disorders had high and poor academic performance respectively, 38.6% and 9.1%
of pupils without such disorders had high and poor performances respectively.
Behavioral disorders are associated with poor academic performance in school
children in the USA.
N C Niranjan (2012), a cross-sectional study was carried out
among 572people from six primary schools selected randomly from private and
government schools in the USA. Peoples with a normal IQ were selected using a
systematic sampling method. The Rutter behavioral scale for teachers (b2) was
completed by their teachers, to determine the prevalence and pattern of
behavioral problems among children living in the USA, a town in south-south
Nigeria methods. According to the ‟ scale 132 pupils (23.1%) had scored within the range indicating behavioral problems.
She finds out that there is a high prevalence of behavioral problems among
primary school children in the USA.
Al Hamshad (2016), Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) isone of the most common mental disorders that
develop in children and becomes apparent in the preschool and early school years. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of ADHD. A
sample size of 1287 students aged 6-13 years in 67 government and 10 private primary
schools were selected by multistage systematic random sampling. At Saudi. Data were collected using two types of
questionnaires: the modified Arabic version of the Attention Deficit Disorders
Evaluation Scale (ADDES) school version, and Parents' questionnaire to diagnose
the three main subtypes of ADHD namely: inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity,
and combined ADHD. The majority of the
boys were from government schools (83.0%), were
of age
PP Panda (2016) a cross-sectional
observational study was carried out inprimary school children of the
slum-dwelling area of Kathmandu Valley which included 454 students. The aim of
the study was to find out morbidity inhabit disorders in the age group of 6-10 years, so that early detection
will be helpful to correct
them to prevent it from further personality maladjustment. There was no
statistical difference in gender wise
habit disorders. The morbidity is due to multiple
factors of physic- social environment. However, the severity
of disease is not more here in this area.
Shanta, K, (1999) the study examined
behavioral problems and discipliningamong children with scholastic skills
difficulties (SSD) as compared to a group of normal controls. The sample
consisted of 20 children between 5-8 years of age in each group. Data were
obtained regarding the child's personal, family and social background. The
maternal report was obtained on the Child Behavior Checklist. Results revealed
a higher prevalence of behavioral problems in children with SSD. These problems
were externalizing and internalizing types of dysfunctions, namely attention seeking behavior, hyperactivity,
impulsivity, and oppositional
behavior and conduct problems in the first domain of dysfunction, and
depression and anxiety in the second domain of dysfunction. The study group
also had a higher prevalence of learning and miscellaneous behavioral problems.
Vickie E. Snider (2003) this study was designed
to assess general and specialeducation teachers' knowledge, opinions, and
experience related to the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) and its treatment with stimulant medication. A random sample of 200
general educators and 200 special educators from Wisconsin were surveyed. Results revealed that teachers had limited knowledge about
ADHD and the use of psychostimulant medication. Teachers' opinions about the
effect of stimulant medication on
school-related behavioral were generally positive, although special education
teachers were more positive than general educators. The survey confirmed
previous research indicating that teachers were the school personnel who most
frequently recommended an assessment for ADHD. The results are discussed in
terms of their educational significance and implications for teacher
preparation and continuing education
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Approach: A
quasi-experimental approach, Research Design: One group pre-test
post-test study design, Setting: this study was conducted in selected schools
of the city.Sampling Size: 50 Sampling Technique: Purposive sampling
technique
v
Data Collection:
Instruments intended
to be used -
1.
Structured knowledge questionnaire
2.
To assess the practices rating scale ( 3 point
Likert Scale ).
DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL -
The tool
was developed after an extensive review and study of literature was done before
developing the different tools. The researcher has developed a structured
questionnaire after reviewing the literature and considering the opinion of
psychiatric nursing experts to assess the knowledge regarding behavioural problems.
The tool consists of two sections.
Instruments intended
to be used -
1.
Structured knowledge questionnaire
2.
To assess the practices rating scale ( 3 point
Likert Scale ).
Section – 1 (Demographic Data) -
Demographic characteristics of the sample such as:
o
Age
o
Gender
o
Qualification
o
Job
o
Type of family
o
Habits
Section – 2 (Structured Questionnaire) (3-point Likert Scale) –
The
structured knowledge questionnaire
was prepared under three categories
to collect the data for study.
·
To find out attitude
towards children behaviour and child act.
Response Mode:
The sample responded item by choosing
one of the three alternatives.