Correlation of COD and BOD of Damodar River Water Samples Before and After Meeting of Mining Effluents Around Khas Karnpura Coalfields, Jharkhand

INTRODUCTION

Coal is a Prime source of energy playing important part in the industrial growth of India. Khas Karnpura coal field comes under Central coal field limited situated in the Jharkhand state under Hazaribagh District, a subsidiary of coal India limited. This is most intensively exploited coal field and produces the bulk amount of coal in India. Mining causes impacts on river water due to discharging of mining effluents. The Mine effluents possess various kinds of pollutants eg. (Nitrate, suspended solid, heavy metals etc.). Mine waste water of Urimari, Sayal D block, Khas Karmpura area and Bhurkunda area of South Karnpura of Central coal field limited a subsidiary of coal India limited located in the Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand being discharged into River Damodar and its tributary Nalkari River main drainage of study area. Which ultimately causing gigantic problem. The River running through area becomes a sewer. The effluents can vary in concentration of contaminant upon location and hydro geological nature of Mine. (Esener AA. Roels JA. Kossen,1981). The quality of Mining effluents and their nature are dependent upon conditions of Mining and geological status (yonger et al, 2002). The effluents and their concentration of pollutants differ from mine to mine. Some Mine water has small extent of pollutants which is similar to level of drinking water standard. (Kannan C. Raja Shekhran, 1991). According to report of (Khan et al 2005), Mine water may contain pollutants of harmful substances heavy metals, organic and microbes. The Mining effluents when discharged into river water enhances the suspended solid, contaminates the river water by mixing of microbes, heavy meals, coal sludge, residues of oils and petroleum and other pollutants (Metcalf, Eddy 2003). Damodar river water in Karnpura coalfield area receives Mining effluents form collieries, thermal power station and sewages of residential colony, along with its tributary Nalkari river which off loads its pollutant into Damodr River. The fulfillment of need of fresh water for its population in India is a great problem. River water meets this requirement. Studies indicates that only 4% of worlds fresh water is found in India and its feeds 16% of world population (Singh et al 2003). The study of correlation of BOD and COD of Damodr River around Khas Karnpura coalfield as

EXPERIMENTAL

The Khas Karnpura coalfields is subsidiary unit of central coalfields limited situated in Jharkhand state. River Damodar and its tributaries Nalkari are the main drainage of study area.

For study 6 sampling stations have been selected these station are 1. Station number 1 Damodar River upstream point here Ashwa village.

Damodar River Downstream point (sample of this point is an indicator of impact of Effluents of Urimari, Sayal D and Khas Karnpura collieries). 3. Station number 3 Confluence of Damodar and Nalkari River.

Damodar River of stream ie (500m before meeting its tributaries Benjari near Ramgarh.

Damodar River downstream (500m after meeting the tributary Banjari near Ramgarh.

Downstream of Nalkari (before meeting Damodar River). This tributary of Damodar carries Effluents of Patratu thermal power station and Saunda projects. Data in the above area summarized in table.

Summer

S1 8 20 S2 4 51 S1 3.1 17 S2 6 65 S6 11.9 219

Winter

S1 3 12 S2 5.1 45 S6 11.2 318

Summer

S3 12 178 S4 7.3 127 S5 7 113

Monsoon

S3 8 100 S4 7 78 S5 6.8 71

Winter

S3 7 85 S4 6.8 95 S5 4 85

The data has been summarized in different tables I and II contains BOD and COD before meeting and after Meeting effluents (2014)

The correlation coefficient (r) has positive value (r = 0.97) after meeting the Mining effluents and 0.69 before meeting Mining effluents in River water samples. The value of  = 5.20 and  = 0.012 has been observed before meeting Mining effluents similarly the value of  and  are 0.28 and 0.068 after meeting of Mining effluents in Damodar River water samples. It appears form the above finding that increase the value of X (COD), Y (BOD) also increases correspondingly. All the variables X, Y, r SD, SE, 95% CL was calculated by the following formula. Regression equation All observation shows a straight line equation with COD and BOD Damodar River water sample before and after meeting of Mining effluents during 2014 in summer, monsoon and winter season.

The influence of Mining effluents on water quality of Damodar River before meeting and after meeting as recorded in table II to IV COD and BOD before meeting (12 to 792 mg/liter) and (3 to 13 mg/liter) respectively. COD and BOD after meeting of Mining effluents were (71 to 178 mg/liter) and (4 to 12 mg/liteer) respectively. The value of SD, SE and 95% of CL for COD and BOD before and after meeting Mining effluents were, 171, 255.65, 85.21, 12.5 and 7.25 4.445, 1.48, 4.5 mg/liter respectively as observed in table III. The value of 95% CL indicates that there is a correlation between COD and BOD. By calculating the COD the BOD can by predicted ie BOD depends upon COD. (Russell DL, 2006). The parameters COD and BOD also depend on the sample stations and their concentration (Srivastava Vs, 1999). The BOD indicates concentration of organic pollutants oxidized by micro organisms but COD The parameter BOD and COD and their relations shows Biodegradability index (BI), (Turak UG, Fsar HA, 2004).

CONCLUSION

The above finding indicates that value of BOD before meeting of Mining effluents is always lower than that of COD before meeting of Mining effluents. COD has value (12 to 712) BOD has value (3 to 13). This clearly indicated that there is a greater amount of oxidisable organic matter in the sample.

REFERENCES

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Collage, Hazaribag