Importance of Light Based Technology In Geography

Hkwxksy dk fo"k; {ks= cgqr O;kid gSA tks fd dyk ds lkFk&lkFk foKku esa Hkh viuk egRoiw.kZ LFkku j[krk gSA izdk'k rjaxkas dk vFkZ fdlh ,slh oLrq vFkok ?kVuk ds ckjs esa lwpuk izkIr djuk gS ftldk lwpuk ,df=r djus okys ;a= rFkk O;fDr ls lh/kk lEidZ u gksA gekjh vk¡[ks] ukd] dku] Ropk nwj laosnu ;U= dk dke djrs gS D;ksafd ;s gesa ns[kus] lwa?kus] lquus] eglwl djus esa lgk;rk nsrs gSaA lquus vkSj ns[kus dh izfØ;k /ofu rFkk izdk'k rjaxks ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ;s rjaxs ÅtkZ ds :i esa vius mit LFkku ls izs{k.k rd igq¡prh gSA ,d okD; esa nwj laosnu dk vfHkizk;% ok;q;kuh rFkk mixzgksa esa j[ks x, ;U=ksa }kjk cgqr vf/kd nwjh ls foLr`r {ks= dh tkudkjh izkIr djuk gSA

FUNDAMENTAL OF REMOTE SENSING nwj laosnu ds rRo %&

izk—frd rFkk ekuoh; inkFkZ ÅtkZ dk ijkorZu] vo'kks"k.k rFkk fofdj.k djrs gSA eq[;r;k pkj izdkj ds nwj laosnd gksrs gSA Radiometre & ;g fo|qr pqEcdh; ÅtkZ ds dqN Hkkx dks ekirk gSA Audiometre & ;g /ofu dh rhozrk dks ekirk gSA Magnetometre & ;g i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa dks ekirk gSA Gravimetre & ;g i`Foh ds xq#Rokd"kZ.k esa gksus ifjorZuksa dks ekirk gSA Types of Sensing System & Passive System & bl rduhdh esa izk—frd ÅtkZ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ÅtkZ ijkofrZr vFkok fodfjr dksbZ Hkh gks ldrh gSA mnkgj.k dSejs dh lgk;rk ls QksVksxzkQhA Active System & blesa ekuo }kjk mRikfnr ÅtkZ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA bl rduhdh dk lcls cM+k mnkgj.k jMkj gS tks LiSDVªe ds ekbØksoso Hkkx esa dk;Z djrk gSA

Remote Sensing Zone &

Remote Sensing in the Gamma Ray Region & xkek fdj.kksa ds [k.M esa nwj laosnu ls ;wjsfu;e] Fkksfj;e rFkk iksVsf'k;e dh [kkst esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA dEI;wVj dh lgk;rk ls mPp dksfV ds xkek fofdj.k LisDVªksehVj rS;kj fd, x, gSa tks ;wjsfu;e] Fkksfj;e rFkk iksVsf'k;e ds ckjs esa dkQh gn rd lgh tkudkjh nsrs gSaA blls Hkw&oSKkfud ekufp= cukus esa cM+h lgk;rk feyrh gSA jsfM;ks/kehZ rRoksa dk irk dsoy 400 ls 500 QqV dh Å¡pkbZ ij gh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA blls Åij tkus ij ;g tkudkjh izkIr djuk lEHko ugha gSA Remote Sensing in the Ultraviolet Region & nwj laosnh ;U= lw;Z dh ijkofrZr fofdj.k dk gh iz;ksx djrs gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ijkcSaxuh [k.M ls lEcfU/kr nwj laosnu vf/kd mUufr ugha dj ik;k ijkcSaxuh fofdj.k dh nS/;Z 0.28um ds yxHkx gksrh gSA ftl dkj.k blds fy, mPpdksfV ds ySUl (Lens) dk iz;ksx djuk iM+rk gSA fQj Hkh dqN mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, mi;qDr gSA Remote Sensing in the Visible Region & ;g [k.M 0-4 ls 0-7 ekbØkWu rjax nS/;Z okyh rjaxks dk {kS= gSA bl [k.M Remote sensing in the Infra-Red Region & bl [k.M esa nwj laosnu m"ek ij fuHkZj djrk gSA fo|qr pqEcdh; foKku ds fu;ekuqlkj ;fn fdlh Hkh oLrq dk rkieku 00K (-1730C) gks og vojDr ÅtkZ NksM+rk gSA Multi Spectral Remote Sensing & ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk midj.k gS tks ,d gh le; ij cgqLisDVªh; izfrfcEc izkIr djrk gSA cgq&LisDVªh; nwj laosnu esa ,d ls vf/kd rjax dfVcU/kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dqN inkFkZ dqN fo'ks"k rjaxksa ds izfr gh laosnu'khy gksrs gSaA

;|fi mixzg esa dbZ izdkj ds nwj laosnu j[ks tk ldrs gSa fQj Hkh yS.MlsV ¼I½ fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA ;g ,d ,slk ;U= gS ftlls igyh ckj lEiw.kZ fo'o dk fp=.k fd;kA bleas lalk/kuksa ds losZ{k.k dh lEHkkouk,¡ Hkh cgqr vf/kd gSA yS.MlsV&I dks la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) }kjk tqykbZ] 1972 esa vUrfj{k esa NksM+k x;kA bls Earth Resource Technology (ERTS) Hkh dgrs gSaA yxHkx 900 fdxzk- Hkkj dk ;g mixzg 614 fdeh dh Å¡pkbZ ij 103 feuV esa i`Foh dh ,d ifjØek iwjh djrk gSA bl izdkj vkjVl -I (ERTS-I) ,d fnu esa i`Foh dh 114 ifjØek,sa djrk gSA blls i`Foh dh 185 fdeh pkSM+h iV~Vh dk fp= fy;k tk ldrk gSA blesa Return Beam Vidicon uked ;U= yxk gqvk gksrk gS tks rhu Vhoh dSejksa dh lgk;rk ls pyrk gSA ;g ;U= Multisector Scanning System (MSS) ds tyk'k;ksa rFkk ouLifr;ksa dh lwpuk izkIr gksrh gSA

nwj laosnu us gesa i`Foh ds fdlh Hkkx ds ckjs esa rqjUr lwpuk izkIr djus dh {kerk iznku dh gSA bldh ,d gh bestjh ls gesa —f"k] ouLifr] ikfjfLFkfrdh] vf/kokl rFkk i;kZoj.k ls lEcfU/kr dbZ vU; fo"k;kas dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA bls fuEu izdkj ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS&

Forest Mapping & jk"Vªh; nwj laosnu laLFkku rFkk

ouLifr losZ{k.k us feydj lu~ 1972&75] 1980&82 rFkk 1981&83 ds fy, leLr Hkkjr dk ouLifr ekufp= cuk;k vkSj fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd Hkkjr dk 19- 52% Hkkx oukPNkfnr gSA

Waste Land Mapping & jk"Vªh; O;FkZ Hkwfe fodkl

cksMZ us O;FkZ Hkwfe dh iz—fr rFkk mlds foLrkj ds ekufp= cukus ds fy, nwj laosnu dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA bl ifj;kstuk esa 20 jkT;ksa ds 146 ftys lfEefyr fd, x,A {kerk gSA Central Ground Water Board rFkk dbZ jkT; ljdkjksa us nwj laosnu dh lgk;rk ls lEHkkfor ty lalk/kuksa ds ekufp= rS;kj fd, gSa ftuls is;ty dh leL;k dks lqy>kus esa cM+h lgk;rk feysxhA

Nationwide Soil Resources Mapping & mixzg

ls vk¡dM+sa izkIr djds National Bureau of Soil

Survey rFkk Land Planning us 1%2] 50]000 ekiuh ij jk"VªO;kih e`nk lalk/ku ekufp=.k dk vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gSA

Project Vasundhara & Hkkjr esa Hkw&xHkZ losZ{k.k

foHkkx us Hkkjrh; vUrfj{k vuqlU/kku laxBu ds lg;ksx ls nwj laosnh mixzg dh lgk;rk ls Hkw&xHkZ losZ{k.k rFkk [kfutksa dh [kkst ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ ;kstuk cukbZ gS ftls olqU/kjk ;kstuk dgrs gSaA

Drought Monitoring & nwj laosnu dh lgk;rk ls

lw[kk tSlh Hk;adj vkink ls fuiVus ds fy, nks dk;ZØe cuk, x, gSaA lw[kk dh ekWuhVfjax rFkk iwoZ lwpuk] Hkwfe rFkk ty lalk/kuksa ds ,dh—r v/;;u ls lw[ks dk izcU/kuA

Land Use and Urban Spraw & blls uxjksa

esa lq/kkj ykus dh ;kstuk cukus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA vgenkckn] eqEcbZ] caxyq:] gSnjkckn] fnYyh] psUubZ rFkk ukxiqj ds fy, bl izdkj ds v/;;u gks pqds gSaA vU; uxjksa ds lEcU/k esa iz;Ru tkjh gSA

Land Use Mapping for Agroclimatic Zone Planning & mixzg bestjh dk iz;ksx djrs gq,]

National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad us 1% 2]50]000 ekiuh ij Hkwfe mi;ksx oxhZdj.k dk ekufp= cuk;k ftlesa Hkwfe mi;ksx dks 24 oxksZa esa ckaVk gSA

Snow Rage & lryt rFkk O;kl ufn;ksa ds

csfluksa esa fgety okg dk v/;;u djus ds fy, fo'ks"k izdkj ds ekWMy rS;kj fd, x, gSaA

Marine Fishers & nwj laosnu ls leqnzh ty ds

rkieku rFkk ifjlapj.k ls lEcfU/kr vkadM+ksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA bu blls eNyh idM+us ds fy, mfpr LFkkuksa dk irk yxkus rFkk eRL; mRiknu esa o`f) djus esa lQyrk izkIr gqbZ gSA

gekjs ns'k dh tula[;k nzqr xfr ls c<+ jgh gS vkSj lu~ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj Hkkjr dh tula[;k 125 djksM+ ds vkadM+s dks ikj djds 136 djksM+ ds yxHkx gks xbZA blls gekjs lalk/kuksa ij tula[;k dk Hkkj fujUrj c<+ jgk gSA gekjs fy, ;g vko';d gks x;k gS fd ge vius lalk/kuksa dk cqf)eRrk ls iz;ksx djsa rFkk u, lalk/kuksa dh [kkst djsaA

fuHkkrk gSA

• Hussain, Mazzid, Singh, Ranesh - "Geography of India", Third Edition, Tata Mcgrawhill, New Delhi, Page No. 17.38

• N., Strahlar - Physical Geography (1975) Page. No. 2

• Rashid, S.M. - "Remote Sensing in Geography" (1995) Mayank Publication, Delhi, Page No. 2

• Indian Society of Remote Science, ISSN : 0255-660X

• International journal of Geosciences, ISSN : 0943-0105

• Khullar, D.R. - Geography Remote Sensing and Geographical Information system, Tata Mcgrawhill, New Delhi, P.P. 421.

• www.remotesensingindia.in

• www.irsdeharadoon.ac.in

• www.gisindia.in