Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Course Aggregate By Recycled Plastics and Cement By Glass Powder In Concrete

Concrete is the most widely used man made construction material in the world and its second only to water as the most utilized substance in the planet. Seeking aggregates for concrete and to dispose of the waste from various commodities is the present concern. Today sustainability has got top priority in construction industry. In the present study the recycled plastics were used to prepare the coarse aggregates there by providing a sustainable option to deal with the plastic waste. There are many recycling plants across the world, but as plastics are recycled they lose their strength with the number of recycling. So these plastics will end up as earth fill. In this circumstance instead of recycling it repeatedly, if it is utilized to prepare aggregates for concrete, it will be a boon to the construction industry. Most of the failures aggregates(PCAs) which have low crushing values will not be crushed as easily as the stone aggregates. These aggregates are also lighter in weight when compared to stone aggregates. Since a complete substitution for NCA was not found feasible, a partial substitution with various percentages of PCA was done. Both volumetric and grade substitution was employed in this investigation Generation of plastic waste is one of the fastest growing areas. Every year more than 500 billion plastic bags are used (nearly one million bag per minute). Hundreds of thousands of sea turtles, whales and other marine mammals die every year from eating discarded plastic bag for mistaken food. On land many animals suffer from similar fate to marine life. Collection, hauling ad disposal of Plastic bag waste creates an additional environmental impact. In a landfill or in environment, Plastic bags take up to 1000 year to degrade. Many researches were conducted to use industry by products such as fly ash, silica of concrete. Flume, glass cullet, coir fibers, e-plastic waste in concrete to improve the properties. (17%) is higher than for the plastic industry elsewhere in the world. India has a population of over 1 billion and a plastic consumption of 4 million tones. One third of the population is destitute and may not have the disposable income to consume much in the way of plastics or other goods. The virgin industry does not target this population to expand its markets. However, one third of the population is the middle class whose aspirations could be molded to increase consumption. Plastic manufacturers create needs for this segment of population. The rising needs of the middle class, and abilities of plastics to satisfy them at a cheaper price as compared to other materials like glass and metal, has contributed to an increase in the consumption of plastics in the last few years

Fig 1.1 Waste Plastic And Waste Glass

• Cement

• Fine Aggregate (FA)

• Coarse Aggregate (CA)

• Recycled Plastic Aggregate (RPA)

• Glass Powder (GP)

Cement is one of the binding materials in this project. Cement is the important building material in today’s construction world. 53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) conforming to IS: 8112-1989 is used. Specific gravity of cement = 3.12 Table 2.1 physical properties of cement

Locally available clean and dry manair river sand conforming to Grading zone II of IS: 383 –1970.has been used. The sand passing through IS 4.75mm Sieve has been used for casting all the specimens. The specific gravity =(w2-w1)/(w2-w1) - (w3-w4)=2.6 Water absorption =6.7% Fines modulus = 3.63

The crushed 20 mm size aggregate were used The specific gravity = 2.68 Water absorption = 1% Fines modulus =6.52

Plastics collected from the disposal area were sorted to get the superior one. These were crushed into small fraction and washed to remove the foreign particles. Then they are sieved to get 20mm size plastic aggregate.

Figure 2.1 Plastic Aggregate

According to the Indian standard specifications the property of aggregates such as specific gravity, aggregate crushing value and density were determined. From Table ..... comparing the properties of aggregate for both NCA and PCA it is observed that the specific gravity and density for PCA is much lower than NCA which offers a light weight concrete. A lower crushing value indicates the complexity with which a PCA concrete could be crushed under compressive stresses. Table 2.2 Properties of NCA & PCA The glass waste available locally in shops has been collected and made into glass powder. Glass waste is very hard material. Before adding glass waste to the concrete it has to be powdered to the desired size. In the present studies glass waste was powdered by grinding in a ball/ mill .The glass waste pulverized for a period of 30 to 6o minutes which resulted powder of particle sizes ranging from 75 μm -150 μm.

Fig 2.2 glass powder

Table 2.3 physical properties of glass powder

Mix Design: The concrete mix design was proposed by using Indian Standard for control concrete. The grade was M20.The mix proportion of materials is 1:1.5:3 as per IS 10262-2009. Then natural fine aggregate was used. cement with glass powder and coarse aggregate with plastic at various percentage (3% +5% , 3%+10% , 3% + 15% , 5% +5% ,5%+10% ,5%+15% , 10%+5% ,10%+10%,10%+15% ) were going to do. Chemical admixture is not used here. Fig3.1 Mixing Casting The Plastic Waste and glass powder concrete is manufactured by as similar to the classical concrete. Initially the dry materials Cement, Aggregates & Sand are mixed. The liquid component of the mixture was then added to the dry materials and the mixing continued for further about 3-6 minutes to manufacture the fresh concrete. The fresh concrete was cast into the moulds immediately after mixing, in three layers for cube specimens. For compaction of the specimens, each layer was given 60 to 70 manual strokes using a tapping rod, and then vibrated for 12 to 15 seconds on a vibrating table. Before the fresh concrete was cast into the moulds, the slump value of the fresh concrete was measured.

Fig 3.2 Casting

Table 3.1 values of slump, compaction factor, weight and density

An intensive experimental program is performed to study the effect of internal curing on different types of concrete properties: (i) Fresh properties (Slump, Compaction factor and Density); (ii) Mechanical properties like compressive strength,. The cubes were tested under 200 tons compression testing machine to study the compressive strength of the cubes.

At the time of testing, each specimen must keep in compressive testing machine. The maximum load at the breakage of concrete block has been noted. From the noted values, the compressive strength has been calculated by using formula: Compressive Strength = Load / Area Size of the test specimen = 150mm x 150mm x 150mm

Plastic Waste–5% by replacement of Aggregate and glass powder 3%,5% and 10% by cement

Plastic Waste – 10% by replacement of Aggregate glass powder 3%,5% and 10% by cement.

Plastic Waste – 15% by replacement of Aggregate and glass powder 3%,5% and 10% by cement.

Table 4.1 Compressive Strength Test Result

From the above Experimental Study we conclude that the increasing percentage of PCA and Glass powder in concrete shows that the increase in percentage of compressive strength. (PCA) i,e G3 +PCA5 ,G5+PCA5 and G10+PC5 in concrete shows the increasing in compressive strength by 21.1N/mm2 , 22.01 N/mm2 and 24.8 N/mm2,slump Value increases for above percentage and Density of concrete decreases.( 2389.33 kg/m3, 2378.07 kg/m3 and 2347.25 kg/m3). By Seeing the results analysis it is observed that the increasing in Percentage of PCA Result the decreasing in compressive strength and Density. Therefore the increasing percentage of glass powder as partial replacement of cement in concrete for PCA 5 Which shows higher strength compared to Normal concrete (M20) for 28 days.

1. Praveen Mathew,Shibi Varghese,Thomas Paul "Recycled Plastic As Coarse Aggregate For Structural Concrete" International Journal Of Innovative Research In Science, Engineering And Technology Vol.2, Issue3, March 2013. 2. S. Vanitha, V.Natrajan, M. Praba "Utilisation Of Waste Plastic As A Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate In Concrete Blocks" Indian Journal Of Science And Technology Vol.8(12), Doi;10.17485/Ijht 2015/ V8i12/54462,June 2016. 3. Dr.G. Vijay Kumar, Ms H. Vishaliny, Dr.D. Govindarajulu "Studies On Glass Powder As Partial Replacement Of Cement In Concrete Production"International Journal Of Engineering And Advanced Engineering (Issn 2250-2459,Iso 9001:2008 Certified Journal , Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013) 4. Bhupendra Singh Shekhawat, Dr.Vinitha Agarwal "Utilisation Of Waste Glass Powder In Concrete A Literature Review" International Journal Of Innovative Research In Science, Engineering And Technology (An Iso 3297:2007 Certified Organisation) Volume 3 Issue 7 July 2014. 5. Narayanan Neithalath, “An Overview Of The Benefits Of Using Glass Powder As A Partial Cement Replacement Material In Concrete”, The Indian Concrete Journal, 9-18, 2011. 6. S.B. Park, “Development of recycling and treatment technologies for construction wastes,” Minist. Constr. Transp., Seoul, Tech. Rep., 2000.