Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement by Glass Powder and Coarse Aggregate by Waste Plastics in M25 Grade Concrete

Concrete is the most widely used man made construction material in the world and its second only to water as the most utilized substance in the planet. Seeking aggregates for concrete and to dispose of the waste from various commodities is the present concern. Today sustainability has got top priority in construction industry. In the present study the recycled plastics were used to prepare the coarse aggregates there by providing a sustainable option to deal with the plastic waste. There are many recycling plants across the world, but as plastics are recycled they lose their strength with the number of recycling. So these plastics will end up as earth fill. In this circumstance instead of recycling it repeatedly, if it is utilized to prepare aggregates for concrete, it will be a boon to the construction industry. Most of the failures in concrete structures occur due to the failure of concrete by crushing of aggregates. The plastic coarse aggregates(PCA) which have low crushing values will not be crushed as easily as the stone aggregates. These aggregates are also lighter in weight when compared to stone aggregates. Generation of plastic waste is one of the fastest growing areas. Every year more than 500 billion plastic bags are used (nearly one million bag per minute). Hundreds of thousands of sea turtles, whales and other marine mammals die every year from eating discarded plastic bag for mistaken food. On land many animals suffer from similar fate to marine life. Collection, hauling and disposal of Plastic bag waste create an additional environmental impact.

Fig 1.1 Waste Plastic

Fig 1.2 Waste Glass

• Cement

• Fine Aggregate (FA)

• Coarse Aggregate (CA)

• Plastic coarse Aggregate (PCA)

• Glass Powder (GP)

Cement is one of the binding materials in this project. Cement is the important building material in today’s construction world. 53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) conforming to IS: 8112-1989 is used. Specific gravity of cement = 3.15 Table 2.1 Physical Properties of Cement. Locally available clean and dry man air river sand conforming to Grading zone II of IS: 383 –1970.has been used. The sand passing through IS 4.75mm Sieve has been used for casting all the specimens. The specific gravity = (w2-w1)/(w2-w1) - (w3-w4)=2.6 Water absorption = 0.82%

The crushed 20 mm size aggregate were used The specific gravity = 2.68 Water absorption = 1% Fines modulus =6.52

Plastics collected from the disposal area were sorted to get the superior one. These were crushed into small fraction and washed to remove the foreign particles. Then they are sieved to get 20mm size plastic aggregate.

Figure 2.1 Plastic Aggregate

According to the Indian standard specifications the property of aggregates such as specific gravity, aggregate crushing value and density were determined. From Table ..... comparing the properties of aggregate for both NCA and PCA it is observed that the specific gravity and density for PCA is much lower than NCA which offers a light weight concrete. A lower crushing value indicates the complexity with which a PCA concrete could be crushed under compressive stresses.

Table 2.2 Properties of NCA & RPA

The glass waste available locally in shops has been collected and made into glass powder. Glass waste is very hard material. Before adding glass waste to the concrete it has to be powdered to the desired size. In the present studies glass waste was powdered by grinding in a ball/ mill .The glass waste pulverized for a period of 30 to 6o minutes which resulted powder of particle sizes ranging from 75 μm -150 μm.

Table 2.3 physical properties of glass powder

Mix Design: The concrete mix design was proposed by using Indian Standard for control concrete. The grade was M25.The mix proportion of materials is 1:1:2 as per IS 10262-2009. Then natural fine aggregate was used. cement with glass powder and coarse aggregate with plastic at various percentage (2.5% +5% , 2.5%+10% , 2.5% + 15% , 5% +5% ,5%+10% ,5%+15% , 7.5%+5% ,7.5%+10%,7.5%+15% ) were going to do. Chemical admixture is not used here. Casting The Plastic Waste and glass powder concrete is manufactured by as similar to the classical concrete. Initially the dry materials Cement, Aggregates & Sand are mixed. The liquid component of the mixture was then added to the dry materials and the mixing continued for further about 3-6 minutes to manufacture the fresh concrete. The fresh concrete was cast into the moulds immediately after mixing, in three layers for cube specimens. For compaction of the specimens, each layer was given 60 to 70 manual strokes using a tapping rod, and then

Before the fresh concrete was cast into the moulds, the slump value of the fresh concrete was measured.

Fig 3.1 Casting

An intensive experimental program is performed to study the effect of RPA and Glass Powder on Mechanical properties like compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete

At the time of testing, each specimen must keep in compressive testing machine. The maximum load at the breakage of concrete block has been noted. From the noted values, the compressive strength has been calculated by using formula: Compressive Strength = Load / Area Size of the test specimen = 150mm x 150mm x 150mm

Table 4.1 Compressive Strength Test Result

From the above test results we conclude that the increasing percentage of PCA results in decreasing in percentage of compressive strength. By replacement of Cement and Coarse aggregate with Glass powder (GP) and Plastic Coarse Aggregate (PCA) i.e., G2.5 +PCA5 ,G5+PCA5 and G7.5+PC5 in concrete shows the increasing in compressive strength and tensile strength by 26.05N/mm2 , 26.96 N/mm2 and 27.89 N/mm2, and 3.57 N/mm2, 3.63 N/mm2 and 3.70 N/mm2 By seeing the results analysis it is observed that the increasing in Percentage of PCA Result the decreasing in compressive strength and tensile strength. Therefore the increasing percentage of glass powder as partial replacement of cement in concrete for PCA with 5% Which shows higher strength compared to Normal concrete (M25) for 28 days.

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PG Student Structural Engineering, Sindhura College of Engineering & Tech, Ramagundam, Kaimnagar