1. The diesel engines lead the field of commercial conveyance and agricultural equipment due to its comfort of operation and greater fuel efficiency. The consumption of diesel oil is numerous times greater than that of gasoline. Due to the deficiency of petroleum products and its growing cost, efforts are proceeding to develop substitute fuels principally, to the diesel oil for completely or fractional replacement. It has been establish that the vegetable oils are capable fuels because their properties are comparable to that of diesel and are formed effortlessly and renewably from the crops. In greatest of the developed countries, biodiesel is created from soybean, rapeseed, sunflower etc., which are basically edible in Indian environment. Among the different vegetable oil sources, non-edible oils are appropriate for biodiesel manufacture, because edible oils are previously in demand and excessively costly than diesel fuel. Among the non-edible oil sources, jatropha, nahar, mahua, neems, sal, kusum, karanjan, rice bran and tumba is recognised as potential biodiesel source and linking with other sources, which has added benefits as rapid growing, greater seed productivity, suitable for tropical plus subtropical counties of the world [1]. 2. Biodiesel is a chemically improved alternative fuel for use in diesel engines, resulting from vegetable oils also animal fats. Biodiesel is formed commercially by the transesterification of vegetable oils thru alcohol. Methanol otherwise ethanol is the usually used alcohols for this practice. 3. These can likewise be formed starting the biomass sources. The straight use of alcohols as fuel reasons corrosion of many parts in the engine. The transesterification procedure solves this problematic. The carbon cycle of vegetable oils contains of discharge and absorption of carbon dioxide. Combustion and inhalation process relief carbon dioxide and crops for their photosynthesis process engage the carbon dioxide. Thus, the addition of carbon dioxide in atmosphere decreases. The carbon cycle time for fixation of CO2 and its discharge after combustion of biodiesel is fairly lesser as related to the carbon cycle period of petroleum oils. 4. The trial outcomes of several researchers provision the use of biodiesel as a feasible

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to note that greatest of the trials conducted on biodiesel are mostly obtained from superior edible type oils only. The price of superior oils such as sunflower, soybean oil and palm oil are great as likened to that of diesel. This rises the complete manufacture cost of the biodiesel as well. Biodiesel manufacture from refined oils would not be feasible as well as inexpensive for the developing countries like India. Hence, it is superior to use the non-edible type of oils for biodiesel manufacture. In Indian country non-edible type oil yielding trees such as linseed, castor, neem, rubber, karajan, jatropha and kusum are accessible in large number. The production and application of these oils are low at current, because of their incomplete end use. Operation of this biodiesel as fuels in internal combustion engines are not merely dropping the petroleum procedure, but also recover the rural budget. Struggles will be complete here to produce biodiesel from usual unrefined oil (kusum seed oil) and to use it as the fuel in diesel engines [1]. Mobilization of financial development generates a thrusting pressure on petroleum grounded fossil fuel. But the pollutant released from this fossil fuel is destructive for environment and accountable for global warming. Thus to diminish environmental danger and guarantee the energy stock, improvement of alternative energy sources which are renewable and eco-friendly approachable has drawn the bright attention in various republics. In this condition, biodiesel can show a noticeable alternative to fossil fuel for its biodegradability, renewability, non-toxicity and carbon neutrality [2]. But the additional creation of biodiesel from agricultural crop has a contrary effect on soil fertility in addition to food security. Permitting totally these factors considerable attention should be paid on non-food crops or agricultural left-over, particularly ligno-cellulosic biomass similar to willow, switch-grass or woody oil plants. Amongst these Jatropha curcas is measured as a likely source of biodiesel. At the present-day countless investigations have finished on jatropha, curcas using it as a perfect feedstock of biodiesel production for its durable flexibility to the environment, especially in terms of drought opposition, high existence rate, and high seed harvest. Certain chief features of Jatropha have highlighted and equated its properties with some main first group bio fuel crop such as soybean oil, palm oil and canola oil [3].

Biodiesel is a fuel made up by mono-alkyl-esters of extended chain fatty acids, resulting from vegetable mandatory fuel specifications for diesel engine application, accessibility, amount, environmental influence etc. [4]. In this section, various physical assets, chemical assets, biological assets and environmental aspect of Jatropha oil are debated. Then relate these properties to palm oil, canola oil, soybean oil.

Kinematic viscosity, calorific value and flash point are appropriate and significant feature of fuel classification. Now different features for Jatropha oil are debated underneath. Initially, kinematic viscosity is an important characteristic of fuel which influences the quality and efficiency of burning. The kinematic viscosity of Jatropha oil is considerable advanced than normal diesel fuel. At 20 ºC the kinematic viscosity of Jatropha oil is about 47.3 [6].It is about 12 times greater than normal diesel. But to relate with palm oil, canola and soybean oil, it is ample inferior to these vegetable oils.Furthermore, calorific value which denotes the amount of heat transferred into the cavity during the burning and shows the offered energy in fuel. The greater calorific value of fuel decreases the specific fuel consumption [7]. Numerous researchers carried out their investigation and establish that the calorific value of Jatropha oil, which series from 38-42.5 MJ/kg. It is slight lesser than diesel. But it matters great oxygen which benefits in complete combustion and surges the combustion competence of biodiesel than that of diesel [8-9]. Finally, flash point is the display of igniting and burning assets of a fuel. It is significant from the point of view of harmless handling, storage of the fuel. Due to great viscosity the flash point of Jatropha oil is similarly advanced as associated to diesel. This makes the Jatropha oil quite less dangerous. Beyond canola, palm and soybean oil, merely the flash point of canola oil is desperately close to Jatropha oil. Properties are plotted in table-1 for relaxed conception. These properties of Jatropha oil can be enhanced by several procedures such as weakening, micro emulsion and transesterification. Thus make it equivalent to fuel diesel. In the middle of these transesterification is the greatest practical process for biodiesel production.

Soya bean Oil Kinematic Viscosity (at 20oC) 3.92 47.2 119.99 63.82-67.48 Calorific Value (MJ/kg) 44.215 37.83 41.3 39.48 Flash Point (oC) 76 210-240 >320 >324

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The basis of feed stocks turns out to be bearable when it is cost effective. The cost effectiveness of feed stock rest on numerous aspects such as seed harvest, space of production, development period and raw oil harvest during various phases of bio-diesel production, abstraction etc. Selected biological properties (both merits and demerits) of Jatropha plant have deliberated. Jatropha is flexible in equally tropical and non-tropical weather with agriculture limits at 30ºN as well as 35ºS. It similarly grows in worse altitudes of 0-500 meters upstairs sea level. Now it has blowout outside its center of derivation. It has developed on eroded lands, unproductive, under harsh climatic situations. However the soil should be thoroughly drained as it cannot tolerate standing water and having ph 6~8.5.It can similarly be grown and established in soil with high ph as 8.5~9.5 by using some unusual practices. It is appropriate with average temperature of 20~28ºC in moistures but will be died in dangerous and continued frost situations [8]. Jatropha curcas is a little tree, which appears in whitish colored watery latex, upon cut. It has big green to light green leaves, different to sub-opposite and three to five lobed. The plant produces a deep taproot which steadies the landslides and avoids and switch to stop soil destruction. It holds 41% oil in to the seeds and 62% in to the kernels [3]. On a regular it harvests about 2-3.5ton seed / hector / year. Though it has grown in unproductive land, but satisfactory access of nutrition‘s and water surge the oil yield rate. This production will be amplified up to 5 ton water / hector / year, by supplementary irrigation or a finest rainfall of 1200 mm. If we equate selected significant property of Jatropha oil by palm oil, canola and soybean oil, it is originate that beyond these merely the yield rate of palm oil is advanced than Jatropha oil. The predictable generation of Jatropha is around 50 years of which above 30 years is fruitful productive lifespan. [8].

Due to the additional use of petroleum diesel the GHG emission grows progressively which is accountable for global climate variation. To decrease the GHG, biodiesel is the best select for its overall emission characteristic. Then principles GHGs are CH4, CO2 and NOX. In this subdivision, emissions of GHG from Jatropha in its life phase are debated. Jatropha has a superior carbon carrying capability than other cotton crop which would be supportive for surroundings.

discharge of CO2 from Jatropha oil. Moreover CO2, N2O decrease is additional trial for biodiesel making. Jatropha cannot fix nitrogen to its origin, so for well yield of oil, fertilizer is supplementary to Jatropha. As an outcome the emission of N2O increases and about 9.55 kg N2O is discharged per hector from Jatropha [1]. This amount is lesser than the N2O emission by palm oil, which produced 19.09~22.10 kg of N2O per hr. Conversely, soybean produced less N2O for its nitrogen fixing ability. Though Jatropha holds toxic phoebe ester, the biodiesel is unrestricted from it [9].

Centered on the relative study of the reviewed paper for the performance & emissions from various Biodiesel, it is determined that the vegetable oil denotes a decent alternative fuel for diesel. Thus it must be taken into attention in the future for transportation purpose. Thus a various conclusions are drawn from the readings of various investigational outcomes. Thermal efficiency, exhaust temperature rises despite the fact that other performance parameter like BSFC is reduced for warmed vegetable oil fuelled engine associated to unheated vegetable oil. Excluding NOX the further emission features such as HC, CO and CO2 are reduced due to preheating of the Biodiesel fuel. Preheating by exhaust gases may become possible way out to overcome the difficulty of high viscosity of the Biodiesel fuel.Conventional vegetable oils have the possible potential to decrease NOX emissions which is one of the chief alarms of the world nowadays. Thus conventional vegetables and their mixtures powered engines have an excessive capability to be as good as to that of diesel fuel. The several things of Jatropha carcus are addressed in this study. Subsequently studying the complete features we can summarize that the kinematic viscosity of Jatropha oil is greater, but its calorific value is very close to fossil diesel. It can be grown up in degraded farming soil with slight care. Furthermore its normal yield rate is around 3 ton. For greater yield rate, it needs additional supply of nutrition and water. However it holds toxic phabol ester but the biodiesel is open from it. It has decent carbon sink ability and decreases the CO2 emission.

N. Rathod, S. Lawankar, ―Comparative Study on Use of Biodiesel (Methyl Ester Kusum Oil) and Its Blends in Direct Injection CI Engine – A Review,‖ IJETAE, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2013, pp. 254-259. K. Sarker, ―Review and Comparison of Various Properties of Jatropha oil Biodiesel,‖ IJET, Vol 7, No 6, Dec 2015-Jan 2016, pp. 1965 – 1971.

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and energy performance of Jatropha curcas L. biodiesel in China,‖ Biomass and Bio energy 35, 2011, pp. 2893-2902. Valente, O. S.,V. M. D Pasa, Belchior and J. R. Sodre, ―Physical chemical properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel and castor oilbiodiesel blends,‖ Fuel 90, 2011, pp. 1700–1702. H. P. S. A Khalil, Aprilia, A. H. Bhat, M. Jawaid, M.T. Paridah and D. Rudi, ―Jatropha biomass as renewable materials for bio composites and its applications,‖ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, pp. 667–685. A. K. Dubey, R. M. Sarviya and A. Rehman, ―Characterization of Processed Jatropha Oil for use as Engine Fuel,‖ Current World Environment Vol. 6(1), 2011, pp. 101-107. L. E. Oliveira, Da Silva M. L. C. P., ―Comparative study of calorific value of rapeseed, soybean, jatropha curcas and crambe biodiesel,‖ International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, ICREPQ‘13, Spain, 20-22 March, 2013. K. K. Pandeya, N. Pragyaa and P. K. Sahoo, ―Life cycle assessment of small-scale high-input Jatropha biodiesel production in India,‖ Applied Energy 88, 2011, pp. 4831–4839. T. Beer, T. Grant and P. K. Campbell, ―The greenhouse and air quality emissions of biodiesel blends in Australia,‖ Report for Caltex Pvt. Ltd. prepared with financial assistance from the Department of the Environment and Water Resources (August 2007).

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SKN Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Sciences, Lonavala, Maharashtra, India