Project Management for Construction Projects: Improving Project

In construction projects delay means more activities are pending to complete within specified time limit or mentioned in contract duration. For various team members like owner, contractor, engineers or consultants the type of definition is different for delay such as for owner delay means less income in maximum time, for consultant delay means lot of work schedule in less time limit etc. so because of high work load in less time cost can be affected and quality and safety of work may decrease, another point is material can waste because of improper planning. So, all these factors are related to causes of delay so, we can find the causes of delay in construction industry to increase the performance of projects. For construction projects the working capital requirement is very high so, to owner needs planning that at which time and at which activity I have to spend this much of money to fulfil the requirement. This can be sorted out by proper planning and by identification of causes of delay.

The main objectives of this study include the following. I. To find out the causes of delay for residential construction projects. II. To help project team members to reach their goal

A number of literatures are taken into account to find the goal of paper. Megha Desai and Rajiv Bhatt (2013) [1] this paper identifies the causes of delays in residential construction projects of Indian construction industry. Total 59 causes were identified under 9 major groups. Total 50 respondents comprise of 20 developers, 17 contractors and 13 architects who participated in this field survey. Ashwini Salunkhe and Rahul Patil (2014) [2] studied that to improve performance of project the delay factors which affect the success of project& is to logically explore the delay factors of project and how these can be avoided or controlled. With the help of detailed literature review and interviews the construction delay factors were grouped into seven categories, which will give the parameters that could have direct effect on success of project. Zarina Alias, E.M.A. Zawawi, Khalid Yusuf, Aris, NM (2014) [3] studied that to identify the extent of the relationship between CSFs and project performance. The research findings will be expected to assist the organization in evaluating the performance of project management. The conceptual framework was developed by identifying five(5) variables for project success namely Project Management Action, Project Procedures, Human Factors, External Issues and Project Related Factors. Ghana. The study adopted an exploratory approach and utilized a survey method to collect data on project management practices of Ghanaian organist

The methodology for this study taken from some literature search and conference study, books and international journals so, outcome of this is finding of causes of delays in construction projects. These causes are finally placed in a questionnaire survey to identify the causes of delays. As per the category of construction projects in the field it suits to questionnaire to Megha Desai and Rajiv Bhatt (2013) [1].

The data was collected from various construction firms around Pune city to classify the causes of delay and data taken from various literatures, books, conference proceedings, internet and international journals. The architects, contractors, and developers of various firms of Pune were targeted for survey. The list of delay factors is given in ANNEXTURE 1

The data was collected from various construction firms around Pune city to classify the causes of delay and data taken from various literatures, books, conference proceedings, internet and international journals. For the analysis 15 construction experts were targeted i.e. owner, Contractors, Consultants and Engineers, according to their review the data was analyzed by RII method. After analysis only causes of delays were selected which are above 0.8 1=very less, 2=less, 3= moderate, 4=strong, 5= very strong Then this data was analyzed by RII method.

RII= ƩW’A*N

W= sum of weight given by respondents, A=highest weight of scale i.e. 5 here, N= number of respondents

This paper analyzed most critical delay factors by RII method to improve the performance of project to reduce the project time, over budgeting, reduce wastage of material with highest quality and safest manner. If any constructions try to minimize these causes of delay, then performance of project may increase. These causes of delays are given below 1. Less number of labours against requirement 2. Skill of labour is very poor or less 3. Lack of project planning and scheduling by contractor 4. Delay due to receiving permissions from Government authorities 5. Delay due to transporting material from supplier to site 6. Complete absence of good site management and supervision by contractor 7. Lacking of quality and quantity of work

[1] Megha Desai and Rajiv Bhatt, ―Critical Causes of Delay in Residential Construction

[2] Ashwini A. Patil and Rahul S. Patil, ―Identification of Critical Construction Delay Factors‖. [3] Zarina Alias, E.M.A. Zawawi, Khalid Yusuf, Aris, NM), ―Determining Critical Success factors of Project Management Practice: A conceptual framework‖, (2014). [4] Danial F. Ofari, Project Management Practices and Critical Success Factors-A Developing Country Perspective‖. [5] A. W. Shaikh, M.R. Muree and A.S. Soomro, ―Identification of Critical Delay Factors in Construction‖, (2010).

CLASSIFICATION OF CAUSES OF DELAY Sr. No Causes of delay Group 1 Time period may less as compared to actual time period required Project 2 Legal controversy between different parties 3 Ineffective delay punishments 4 Delay in progress due to shortage of cash flow from owner Owner 5 Delay to hand over the site to the contractor by the owner 6 Change of work sequence or addition of work by owner during construction 7 Delay due to approving and revising the specifications 8 Delay to approve and revise site development decision 9 Delay due to lack of information or decision conveying from owner to other parties 10 Delay due to slow speed of process of decision making 11 No additional bonus facility to contractor for completing the work before schedule 12 Work on hold due to improper work methodology implemented Contractor 14 Rework due to improper methodology implemented by contractor 15 Disputes between contractor and other parties (Consultant and Contractor) 16 Complete absence of good site management and supervision by contractor 17 Delay due to lack of information or decision conveying from contractor to other parties 18 Lack of project planning and scheduling by contractor 19 Delay due to low efficiency of work by contractor 20 Lacking of quality and quantity of work 21 Delay in site preparation and arrangement 22 Delay due to checking of work or activities by consultant Consultant 23 Delay due to approval for change in work by consultant 24 Rigidity of consultant 25 Lack of information exchange from consultant to other parties 26 Delay due to taking more time to revise the specification 27 Controversy between consultant and engineer 28 Lack of experience to consultant 29 Errors and variations in design documents Design 30 Delays in making design documents 31 Lack of details in drawings 32 Difficulty in project design 33 Not enough information collection and survey before design 34 Delay due to type of material and specification change during construction Materials 35 Delay due to transporting material from supplier to urgently 37 Delay due to making of special building material 38 Delay due to arrival of procured materials 39 Equipment stopped working suddenly Equipment 40 Lack of required equipment‘s at site 41 Unskilled operator 42 Low output from equipment 43 Less number of labours against requirement Labour 44 Skill of labour is very poor or less 45 Low efficiency of labours 46 controversy among labours 47 Effects of subsoil conditions External 48 Delay due to receiving permissions from government authorities 49 Delay due to natural forces like rain etc. 50 Unavailability of basic needs to start the construction site (water, electricity, sanitary facility to man force, etc) 51 hazards during construction 52 Interference from locals/neighbors

Under Guidance of Prof. S.B. Kadam Civil Department PVPIT Bavadhan Pune University