Analysis the Critical Factors Causing Wastages of Construction Materials in Building Construction

In construction sector having huge competition among companies, due to this in less profit margin the works carried out by these companies .At such circumstances the wastages of construction materials plays very important role .By reducing wastages of materials profit margin can be increase .Due to wastages of material not only waste of wealth takes place but also the natural resource those which is spend on manufacturing of these materials also wastages this is serious issue for environment. For these factors effective control on wastages is required.

The detailed questionnaires are circulated to experts those are associated with Construction sectors like Site Engineers ,Project Managers, Labour Contractors, RCC Contractors, RCC Designers, Architects ,Estimators, Environmental Consultants etc to indentified the causes of Wastages of Construction Materials.

In general features of the study people were investigated. They include the field of work, classification of contractors, experience of respondents, number of employees, cost of executed projects during the last five years etc.

Table Gives details that the building represents the highest field of work for respondents with 80 % (40 ) in buildings, 10 % (5 ) of work was in roads, 5 % ( Table 1.1: Field of company specialization

Total 76 questionnaires were circulated out of that 50 questionnaires were considered for this study graph shows that 14 % (8) companies respondents were Project Manager, 26 % (13) were Senior Engineers, 6 % (3) were the Purchase Officers of organization and 14 % (7) were Structural Consultants, 6% (3) were labour contractors,4 % (2) were Management ,6% (03) were architect , 6 % (2) were Storekeeper, 4% (2) were Transportation operator, 2% (2) were Equipment Operator and 10% (5) were RCC Contractor.

Graph 1 gives details that 18.8 (19%) have experience from one to three years, 10.4 (10%) of respondents have experience from 3 to 5 years, the percentage 20.8 (21%) of the respondents firm have experience between 5 to 10 years at construction works and 50 % (24) of respondents who have experience more than 10 years.

Following scale taken for analysis of questionnaires on scale 1to 5 ratings were given 1 .Very highly affects 2. Highly affects 3. Moderately affects 4. Less affects 5. Very less affects

Critical Factor: From respondnat response it is found that in design source Complicated Design is critical factor. From this we have to also give attantaion towards dimensional coordination many respondent think that this is reason for wastages of materials

o Much complicated design causes the conflict in between various personnel at site that causes mistakes while implementing the design on site that causes wastages to avoid this design should as simpler as possible. o All specifications in design should be plotted clearly so that confusion while implementing will be lesser that will reduce the wastages. o Lack of attention paid to the dimensional coordination also causes of wastages so there should be coordination between all departments about dimensional parameter.

o Stacking and Storing of construction material play important role in material consumption in proper way o Due to storage material location away from the working areas takes wastages of material because two or three times handling of material takes place due to which chance of damage to materials o For transportation of material from store place to construction site ,many times equipment are required which is also difficult task to arrange in proper way .

Critical Factor: This is most important source for this study and all respondents precisely given their views form that Damage Caused By Workers considered for maximum wastages of materials.

o Workers plays very important role while considering the material wastage on any construction site. o Worker should be trained properly to avoid the wastage. o Awareness of worker is important factor. o Strict supervision on workers also reduces wastages of materials. o Skilled labour should used where important and costly materials consumption.

Critical Factor: From management source maximum respondent gives preference to Poor Supervision as critical factor.

o Supervision should be done properly while implementing design on site so that wastage will be less. o Supervision reduces the mistakes by workers. o There should be responsibility clearly define among employee so that seriousness among workers regarding work can be increased

o Site should be well maintained so that all movement of man and materil should be free . o There should be well prepared site layout ,to avoid confusion o Proper light arrangement should be done on site

o There should be strict about ordering the materials. o Proper calculation of requirement of material and Perfect identification of material done to avoid further change in orders. o Quantity survey is very important factor while considering the wastage of materials. o To avoid wastage proper calculation of required quantity of material with proper specifications should be done. o Mistakes in quantity survey causes extra material or deficiency of material on site that may causes wastage due to deterioration and stock out condition respectively.

o Initially requirement of machinery should indentified and then that machinery should available in time for transportation of material o There should emergency equipment also indentified in failure of any equipment that machine can use o Trained operator should be selected to operator the machinery o Proper machinery selection should be done to implement each activity on site.

o To reduce the theft on site security arrangement like CCTV, Watchman should done. o Regularly stock checking to be done. o To reduce accidents training of work should give t all workers o Necessary safety arrangement should be done on site.

Critical Factor: Most of research agrees that effective materials critically Helps to Reduce Wastage of Materials in construction projects. Significance: Due to effective material management we can monitor the use of materials as well as flow of materials maintain .Due to this factor the wastages of materials can be reduce and saving of resource can be possible

Critical Factor: Most of resources said that Delivery of Materials with Wrong Specification were major problem for implementation of material management. Importance: Delivery of materials with wrong specification creates confusion among employees about use of those materials which causes wastages of materials to avoid this proper planning is required and proper placement of orders with required specification required. Need of Revised Checklist : There is no checklist available to control the wastages of construction of materials this study develop the new Check List for Wastages Control Plan.The new checklist as follows

CONCLUSION

The many factors that cause increase to material waste on site practice are manufacturing defects, materials damage on site and improper cutting of

instructions about handling materials on site and improper handling of materials on site. The many factors that cause increase to material waste on material transportation are improper materials and storing materials in far away stores. The many factors that cause increase to material waste on site management are lack of material and time waste management plan, poor qualification of the contractor‘s technical staff assigned to the project and shortage of technical professionals in the contractor‘s organization. The many factors that cause increase to material waste on site supervision are slow response from the consultant team to contractor inquiries and Poor coordination and communication among the consultant, the owner and the contractor. There are many factors that affecting on the increasing of labor productivity like workers discipline, the stability of the work, good management of the workers, incentive payments and relation between workers. There are many factors that affecting on the reducing of labor productivity such as the workers are not satisfied, misunderstanding between workers, unqualified training for workers, absenteeism from the work site and sycological pressure on workers. There are many factors which related to equipment and impact on the cost of the project like availability of construction equipment in the market, the quality of construction equipment and unqualified training for workers.

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PG Scholar, Shridhar University