Dialects of Haryanvi Language: A Comparative Study

I. INTRODUCTION

This article aims to analyze the Haryanvi dialects from a phonological and morphological point of view. But first of all, let‘s define and discuss language. Language is like a playground where one plays the game of his own choice. According to an ancient linguist in India, Patanjali, language is that human expression which is littered out by speech organs. Scholars from different walks at life have always been interested in language and they define language according to their own subject at interest. On (may 6,1976) Indian prime minister, Late Mrs. Indra Gandhi said to the chief secretaries that it was important that not only those who warred in the secretariat, but all government functionaries also should speak in the language of the people. She then added;‖ By language I do not mean words or the grammar, but I mean an attitude which understands the people‘s point of view‖ A. H. Gardiner, speech and language, (1935) are at the same view as Barber does have in destining the language but with the following addition; Language is the system of human communication by means of a structured arrangement of sounds to form larger units, e.g. morphemes words, sentences.

A. Haryanvi language:- Haryanvi is a substandard language spoken in North India. When Haryana was separated from Punjab in 1966, its state border was decided on the basis of Haryanvi language. Some scholars including Dr. Grierson have named it Bangru but Infact, Bangru is a dialect of Haryanvi language. At present Haryanvi is spoken throughout all over Haryana as well as Sothern-Western parts of Punjab and some areas of Delhi neighboring Haryana. Haryanvi has no official status nor any script, in fact it uses the dialect of Hindi. The most striking feature of Haryana is its language itself or, rather, the manner in which it is spoken. It is the language of the Jat people of Haryana.

1.1 Bangru: Bangru spoken in the Heart of Haryana, being the most widely spoken dialect, the dialect is spoken in Rothak district and surrounding areas. It is mainly called the dialect of Jaat community. 1.2 Ahirvati: Second is the Ahirvati, after the Bangru dialect it is the second dialect in Haryanvi language. It is mainly spoken by the Yadav community in Haryana. This dialecti is prevalent in Ahirwal and areas including Rewari, Narnol and Kosli. 1.4 Korvi: is the next and fourth dialect, it is the main dialect of Western Hindi language. It is also named Khari Boli. Infact this dialect is usually spoken in Uttar Pradesh, however it is also spoken in those parts of Haryana which are neighboring U.P. such as Panipat, Karnal and Sonipat district. 1.5 Brij Bhasha: this dialect is mainly spoken in Mathura, Aagra, Aligarh, Dhaulpur, Eta Nagar, Badaun and Bareli districts at eastern UP as well as in Palwal and its nearby areas neighboring Mathura district in Uttar Pradesh. 1.6 Ambalvi: this dialect is mainly influenced by Punjabi and Hilly language. It is spoken in Ambala, Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar district of Haryana.

This comparative study at Haryanvi dialects is to be done on the basis of phonological and morphological levels:

In Bangru dialect y@L is pronounced in the manner of d@K such as Kala- Kalla

(कारा-काआरा)

Mala-Malla There is a tendency at pronouncing two consonant sounds instead of one sound such as Babu- Babbu

(फाफू-फाब्फू)

Gadi- Gaddi

(गाडी-गाड्डी)

Words commonly used for father and ‗Car‘ respectively in English language. In Ahirvati dialect l@S is usually dropped in the words like (साहुकाय- साउकाय) (Station and Tation) In Brij Bhasha (r) j sound is produced for M@d, M and as in the words (घडी-धयी) Ghadi-Ghari for ‗watch‘ in English Sometimes g@h is dropped in words like

(साहुकाय-साउकाय)

For bankers and (फायह-फाया) Barah-Bara for twelve in English. In Korvi dialect maximum work end with the vowel sound vk@a such as:- ¼Kku] [kkuk½ ऩीना (Peena) सोना (Sona) नहाना (Nahana) etc. words used for eat, drink, sleep, and bath respectively Morphological level: in Bangru dialect साॊ (San) सूॊ (Soon)

सैं

है are used as helping verbs and adverbs for present tense . vka (aan) is used for plurals.

ददनों - ददनाॊ

(Dino – Dina)

यातों - याताॊ

(Ratan- Ratan) For days and nights respectively in English compound prefixes are used both in Brij Bhasha and Bangree dialects . Morphene vu (un) is replaced by mu (in) while making the feminine gender such as in words like बारन - बालरन (Malan-Malin), रुहायन – रुहारयन (Luharan-Luharin) for she gardeners, she- ironsmith smith respectively in English language.

Regional variation in spoken Haryanvi constitutes a dialect continuum. Haryanvi dialects have lots of variation and sometimes it varies from village which may be just a few kilometers apart. Bangaree also known as Haryanvi literally, is most widely spoken. Ahiss of Ahirwal belt in southern Haryana speak Haryanvi language similar to Rajasthani Brahman, Ross, and Kambojs usually speak the Khaddar dialect, which is a more Northern form of Haryanvi and shares many similarities with Khariboli. Haryanvi belongs to the Western Hindi family of languages. It is usually understood to be a dialect in Hindi and not

Khariboli, the prestige dialect in Hindi. There has not been a proper documentation at Haryanvi literature since most Haryanvi writers write in standard Hindi, but the language has a long-standing oral tradition of folk songs. Pt. Lakhami Chand, Baje Bhagat, Mange Ram have made a major contribution to Haryanvi literature. A very notable feature of this language includes its very aggressive tone, due to this reason it is sometimes referred to in other parts of India as the ―Lathmar‖ (―Beating with a stick‖) language.

The significance of this study lies in the fact that this is an explore attempt to understand comparative aspects of all the Haryanvi dialects. The offspring of this study will encourage one to write a Haryanvi grammar which is not yet available. A major reason for this variability is caused by speaker‘s accent due to his native dialects

The result comes out that all the six dialects fall under the same family and have the influence of Sanskrit, so all the dialects have similarities and differences. All dialects have the same consonants, vowels and numerical as well as sentence structure, which differ is the way of pronunciation and tone. Haryanvi is very similar to Braj Bhasha and has 65% lexical similarity with the Bagri language. Regional variation in spoken Haryanvi constitutes a dialect continuum.

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Research Scholar, Shri Venkateshwara University, Uttar Pradesh, India sumandahiya19821982@gmail.com