Changing Family Structure and Development of Self and Values

In human society, the family unit plays a key role. Family is an institution that serves several purposes, all of which are dependent on man's biological, social, and psychological requirements. The familial dynamic is one of a kind. A child's first steps into the wider world are supported by the foundation of family. The youngster learns perspective and what to seek for from their family. A child's earliest sense of self and foundational identities, motivations, values, and beliefs are all established within the environment of their family. This key institution, like many others in society, is experiencing profound structural and functional transformations at the present time. It's crucial to understand the root reasons of these shifts. The Indian culture was traditionally based on agriculture. Most of the population was concentrated in the countryside. Every social system depended on every other system to provide its basic requirements. This resulted in the evolution of a more communal society. The population has grown exponentially throughout the years. However, the little available acreage was unable to meet the demands of the growing population. People left the countryside for the cities as a result of economic and social difficulties. Because of this shift from community to individualistic norms, the priority placed on the family unit changed from joint to nuclear. Therefore, they encountered several challenges in the individualistic culture. Greater field autonomy, affluence, alienation, and competitiveness are all results of individualism. The aforementioned events had a profound effect on the present-day version of myself and my situation. Therefore, this topic requires methodical research for effective human resource management and societal development. The family is the primary social institution for a wide range of individual and collective needs in all countries. The home is where an individual's moral fiber and sense of agency are nurtured and developed. Domestic patterns serve as a guideline, decorated with the family's aspirations for the future. There are essentially three distinct family configurations in India. There are three main types of families: joint families, nuclear families, and extended families. description of the organization of a family is quite detailed. Those who are connected through blood or marriage or adoption or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption by blood or marriage or adoption." What we believe about ourselves is what is meant by "self-concept." Self-concept is "the totality of attitudes, judgments, and values of an individual relating to his behavior, abilities, and qualities," according to the Encyclopedia of Psychology. The self-concept has been the subject of several psychological theories. Values may mean many different things depending on the context in which it attractions. What we mean when we talk about a culture's value system is the guiding principles by which members of that culture's society act.

Kamala Verma ET AL (2016) Women have long been held up as the symbol of fertility, and infertility has been a major medical and social worry from the beginning of humanity. Depression is a typical response to the emotional and physical stress of infertility, especially among women. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between infertility and depression in infertile women by comparing their levels of depression to those of a control group. Seventy people in all participated in the study, split evenly between the two groups. After subjects were randomly assigned, their socioeconomic status was determined via semi-structured interviews, and the degree of their depression was measured using the Beck Depression Rating Scale. The proposed study was carried out in phases, with respondents' informed consent and in accordance with the principles of voluntary participation. Age, income, occupation, education, religion, family composition, and geographic origin were all shared similarities between the two sets of participants. In terms of demographics, neither group differed significantly from the other (p-value > 0.05). On average, fertile women were 27.45 years old whereas infertile women were 28.72. Middle-class women were overrepresented in both groups: 50 (71.42%) of the fertile group and 48 (68.57%) of the infertile group. Less happy were the infertile ladies. Age and duration of infertility were associated with greater levels of sadness. Severe depression was more common among infertile women from rural areas who had low socioeconomic status and a lack of education. Fara Azmat ET AL (2016) Although many people from India have moved to developed countries like Australia, not enough is known about Indian migrant entrepreneurs in particular. Using qualitative research methods, this study explores the perspectives of Indian migrant women entrepreneurs (MWEs) and their partners in Melbourne, Australia, on their entrepreneurial experiences via the lens of family embeddedness. Instead, we're interested in the ways in which Indian MWEs' familial relationships shape their business perspectives. Our research indicates that Indian MWEs' family dynamics and business experiences are influenced by their identities as Indians, women, and immigrant Australians. Our findings demonstrate the reciprocal impact of Indian culture on the family lives of MWEs. Assimilation into the social norms of the host nation, including the impact of gender, is one of these elements. Considering the growing but little-studied population of Indian MWEs from the standpoint of family embeddedness, we propose governmental changes to encourage entrepreneurial activity. confusion to rejection and fury, and sometimes even violence. Family members' attempts to "understand" a same-sex family member are complicated by a wide range of circumstances, including institutional, interpersonal, and emotional dynamics. The current study used a qualitative exploratory method to document these family dynamics, their complexities, and the factors that influence these journeys. Twenty-two parents and siblings in Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India, who have a homosexual or lesbian child or sibling, were questioned for this study. Existing research in India focuses mostly on homosexuals and lesbians, and the topic of family responses has only been broached via the perspectives of the LGBT community. Therefore, the current study will spark debate on a hitherto uncharted area.

Two hundred kids between the ages of nine and twelve participated. The responses were evenly split between those living in rural and urban regions of the Allahabad district. Fifty percent of respondents in both rural and urban regions were from nuclear families, while the other fifty percent were from joint families. The respondents were evenly split between male and female members of joint and nuclear families living in urban and rural areas.

Three significant factors for autonomous self-construal emerged from the sequential regression analysis. These three factors together accounted for 24% of the variation in autonomous self-construal. According to Table 1, the two most significant predictors, individualistic value and self-esteem, account for 18% and 4% of the variation, respectively. The father's profession was an additional significant predictor, accounting for 2% of the total variation.

Following a series of regression steps, we found that three factors significantly predicted interdependent self-concept. These three factors together accounted for 19% of the variation in interdependent self- (explaining 3% of the variance), emerged. Mother's profession was the other significant predictor, accounting for 3% of the total variation.

There were four significant predictors of individualistic social behaviour: individualistic social values, communal values, self-esteem, and autonomous self-construal. They explained 48% of the variation in solitary social behaviour between individuals. The significance of the various predictor factors is shown in Table-3 The strongest significant predictor of individualistic social behaviour was individualistic social value (32% of the total variation). The second most significant predictor, collective value, accounted for 11% of the variation. Self-esteem was the second major predictor, accounting for 4% of the variation, while independent self-construal accounted for 1%.

Collective value and interdependent self-construal were shown to be major determinants of group dynamics. Together, they were able to account for 32% of the variation in group dynamics. Table 4 shows the significance of the various predictor factors. Collective values, nevertheless, were the more significant predictor of group conduct, accounting for 25% of the total variation. The second significant predictor, interdependent self-construal, accounted for 7% of the total variation.

Table 5 shows that there are no statistically significant differences in the mean nuclear versus combined self-concepts. This indicates that both joint and nuclear households are not to blame for children's growth in their capacity for autonomy and interdependence. There is also no statistically significant difference in the evolution of individualism, collectivism, social individualism, or social collectivism, or in the growth of self-esteem, as shown in Table-5

The means and F-Ratio for a number of psychological factors are shown for the two sample sites in Table-6. Differential self-construal‘s, individualistic values, collective values, individualistic social behavior, collective social behavior, and self-esteem characterize urban and rural respondents. This indicates that urban respondents were more likely to have developed an independent self-construal, individualistic and collectivistic values, individualistic social behavior, collective social behavior, and self-esteem than their rural counterparts, but that there was no such difference in the context of interdependent self-construal.

Table 7 shows that there are significant gender variations in egocentric social conduct and confidence. This data reveals that men and women had distinct reactions to the questions on social individualism and feelings of self-worth. When compared to female respondents, males' more terms of their independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, individualistic values, collective values, or group-based social conduct.

None of the three-way interactions between factors like independence, interdependence, individualism, collectivism, or self-esteem were found to be statistically significant. Univariate analysis of variance was calculated (Table-8) to examine the individual effect of each variable. For the first independent self-concept analysis, the sole significant factor was the interaction between family composition and rural/urban location F (1,192) =4.07, p.05. Compared to nuclear families in both urban and rural settings, joint families in urban areas were shown to be more responsible for the development of individual self-construal (Fig. 1). The discrepancy between nuclear families in cities and those in the countryside is small, as seen in Figure 1. This interpretation discredits urban and rural nuclear families as the source of individualistic worldviews.

For the interdependent self-construal condition, a subsequent univariate analysis of variance revealed only a significant interaction impact of family structure and gender (F (1,192) =17.05, p.01). function reinforce one another. Values more in line with the present circumstances emerge and old ones are reevaluated as a result of structural changes. Similarly, shifts in values pave the way for the emergence of novel forms of social organization and the subsequent expansion of those forms most in line with the evolving values. Social revolutions are accelerated when new structures and values gradually supplant established ones. The modern American family is a great illustration of how society and the individual mutually influence one another.

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PhD Student, Kalinga University, Raipur (CG)