Possible Therapeutic Measures for Beating Insufficiencies by Lok Adalats

"Elective Dispute Resolution," also known as "Alternative Dispute Resolution" or "ADR," refers to a variety of investigation objective frameworks that typically serve as alternatives rather than accusations and are generally coordinated with the assistance of a neutral and self-governing third party. A few examples of alternative dispute resolution methods include intercession, conciliation, arbitration, mini trials, Lok Adalats, med-arb, early neutral evaluation, and early neutral evaluation. ADR is fundamentally founded on the reasoning that a disagreement is an issue that needs to be settled together rather than a fight that needs to be won, and it envisions a participatory and synergistic effort on the part of the disputant parties, empowered by the ADR fair, to arrive at a palatable objective of the challenge that is not limited by the connection that they have with one another. It is essential for the existence of a vote-based and well-lit state for there to be equity and induction to value as one of the regarded destinations, which is the sine qua non for the presence of a set of laws with an overall purpose of conveying equity. It is consequently one of the magnificent components of an administration help state to give agreeable inquiry objective frameworks, and truly in prevalence based society individuals ought to have incredible introduction to such challenge objective segments as the precept can't be permitted to be diminished to an empty assurance. "permission to value for all in India is at this point a distant dream in any event, following sixty years of self-sufficiency," as depicted by an enormous and steadily growing population and limited resources. The general set of laws in India, burdened with unconquerable unfulfilled commitments, harmed by a vulnerable adjudicator to people extent and went to with procedural complexities, inherent deferrals and taking off costs, in the new past, had gone into This pushed the mission for new different alternatives, and the result was the presence of the ADR in its contemporary present day sign. Without a doubt, over the course of these years, ADR has become perhaps one of the most reassuring fixes that have been upheld to counter the issues which have been brought up by the value movement framework. The fact that the Legal Services Authorities Act from emphasis placed on the requirement and significance of ADR in India. In any case, the event that was most significant in the development of ADR was the managerial request that was clarified in the approval of fragment 89 CPC4, which was then followed by an unprecedented, submitted, and purposeful legal effort. This was the spark that ignited an ADR revolt in India of a stature that was remarkable and fantastically magnificent. In recent years, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has been gaining significant traction in India. This is due not only to the fact that ADR is an effective tool for resolving legal disputes, but also to the way that it avoids upsetting nature and unpredictability while providing an answer that is both more moderate and quicker for the purpose of questions. This is a solution that is truly appropriate in the context in which the dispute is being resolved. Both India's Supreme Court and its High Courts have strongly advocated for the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), and both levels of court have participated in various forms of crowd sourcing to further the cause of ADR in the country. The primary goals of this study are to find, review, and research the thought and law relating to alternative dispute resolution (ADR), to also learn, take a look at, and dissect the construction, streets, practises, and frameworks relating to alternative dispute resolution (ADR), and even more specifically relating to four individual ADR measures, to be specific Mediation, Conciliation, Lok Adalats and Permanent Lok Adalats and Arbitration with India, and to further decide and analyse their need, advantages.

1. To follow out the historical backdrop of Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in India. 2. To comprehend the various ideas identified with the examination issue.

Lok Adalats are held regularly, both by NALSA and by other institutions providing legal aid. The Lok Adalat is one of the alternative dispute redressal processes. It is a place where disputes or cases that are currently ongoing in the court of law or at the pre-litigation stage can be settled or compromised in an amicable manner. In accordance with the Legal Services Authorities Act that was passed in 1987, Lok Adalats have been given statutory standing. The award (decision) given by the Lok Adalats is regarded to be a decree of a civil court and is final and binding on all parties. There is no appeal against such an award that can be brought before any court of law was given by the Lok Adalat, despite the fact that there is no provision for an appeal against such an award, they are free to initiate litigation by approaching the court with the appropriate jurisdiction, filing a case, and following the required procedure in order to exercise their right to litigate. When a case is brought before a Lok Adalat, the parties are not required to pay any kind of filing fee. The court money that was initially paid in the court on the complaints or petitions is also given back to the parties if an issue that is already standing in the court of law is referred to the Lok Adalat and is eventually decided by the Lok Adalat. They have the role of statutory conciliators only and do not have any judicial role; therefore, they can only persuade the parties to come to a conclusion for settling the dispute outside of the court in the Lok Adalat and shall not pressurise or coerce any of the parties to compromise or settle cases or matters either directly or indirectly. The people who decide the cases in the Lok Adalats are called the Members of the Lok Adalats. The subject that has been submitted to the Lok Adalat will not be determined by the Lok Adalat on its own initiative; rather, it will be decided on the basis of the compromise or settlement that has been reached between the parties. In their efforts to seek a mutually agreeable resolution to their conflict, the members of the panel are obligated to provide the parties with assistance that is both independent and unbiased. Nature of Cases to be Referred to Lok Adalat 1. Any case pending before any court. 2. Any dispute which has not been brought before any court and is likely to be filed before the court. Provided that any matter relating to an offence not compoundable under the law shall not be settled in Lok Adalat. Which Lok Adalat to be Approached As per section 18(1) of the Act, a Lok Adalat shall have jurisdiction to determine and to arrive at a compromise or settlement between the parties to a dispute in respect of - (1) Any case pending before (2) Any matter which is falling within the jurisdiction of, and is not brought before, any court for which the Lok Adalat is organised. or circumstances relating to an offence that cannot be compounded under any legislation in regard to such matters.

Settlement (A) Case pending before the court. (B) Any dispute at pre-litigative stage. On receipt of an application from any one of the parties at a pre-litigation stage, the State Legal Services Authority or District Legal Services Authority, as the case may be, may refer such a matter to the Lok Adalat for the purpose of amicable settlement of the dispute for which notice would then be issued to the other party. In the event that a referral is made, the other party will be notified. Levels and Composition of Lok Adalats:

Each bench of the Lok Adalat would be made up of the following individuals: a sitting or retired judge of the High Court; a sitting or retired judicial officer; and a member of the legal profession; or a social worker engaged in the upliftment of the weaker sections who is interested in the implementation of legal services schemes or programmes. The organisation of the Lok Adalat would be under the purview of the Member Secretary of the State Legal Services Authority. When that time came, the Member Secretary of the State Legal Services Authority would be responsible for forming the benches of the Lok.

Each bench of the Lok Adalat would consist of a serving or retired judge of the High Court, a member of the legal profession, and a social worker involved in the upliftment of the poorer sectors of society who is interested in the execution of legal services schemes or programmes. The Secretary of the High Court Legal Services Committee will be in charge of putting up these benches.

Each bench of the Lok Adalat would be made up of a sitting or retired judicial officer, a member of the legal profession, a social worker engaged in the upliftment of the weaker sections and interested in the implementation of legal services schemes or there would be a social worker engaged in the upliftment of the weaker sections and interested in the implementation of legal services schemes or programmes on each bench The Secretary of the District Legal Services Authority would be in charge of organising the Lok Adalat, and they would be in charge of assembling the benches of the Lok. This responsibility would fall to the Secretary of the District Legal Services Authority.

A sitting or retired judicial officer, a member of the legal profession, a social worker engaged in the upliftment of the weaker sections and interested in the implementation of legal services schemes or programmes, or a person engaged in the para-legal activities of the area, preferably a woma, would make up each bench of the Lok Adalat. Womas would be given preference for membership on the benches. National Lok Adalat On a single day, Lok Adalats are held all throughout the nation, in all of the courts ranging from the Supreme Court all the way down to the Taluk Levels. During these meetings, a significant number of cases are heard and decisions are made about those matters. In order to organise and carry out these activities, these National Level Lok Adalats are convened at set intervals on a consistent basis. Since February of 2015, the National Lok Adalats have been held on a monthly basis, with each one concentrating on a different subject than the one that came before it. Permanent Lok Adalat The other sort of Lok Adalat is called the Permanent Lok Adalat, and it was founded in line with Section 22-B of The Legal Services Authorities Act, which was passed in 1987. Permanent Lok Adalats have been established as permanent bodies with a Chairman and two members for the purpose of providing a compulsory pre-litigative mechanism for conciliation and settlement of cases relating to public utility services such as transportation, postal services, telegraph services, and other services that are comparable in nature. The establishment of these Permanent Lok Adalats has been accomplished in order to fulfil the purpose of providing a permanent mechanism for conciliation and settlement of cases relating to public utility services. In this situation, even if the parties are do so as long as the disagreement is not in any way connected to an offence. This is the case even in the event that the parties are unable to come to an agreement on how to resolve the issue. In addition, the judgement that is reached by the Permanent Lok Adalat is irrevocable, and it is imperative that all parties concerned adhere to it. The Permanent Lok Adalats have the authority to adjudicate disputes that are worth up to 10 million rupees. In the event that the parties involved in the dispute are unable to come to an agreement over how the disagreement should be resolved, the Permanent Lok Adalat has the ability to issue a judgement regarding the subject. Both sides are obligated to comply with the verdict that was made by the Permanent Lok Adalat since it is the only viable option. It is possible for the Lok Adalat to conduct the proceedings in whichever manner it deems acceptable, taking into consideration the specifics of the case as well as the desires of the parties, such as requests to hear oral remarks or demands for a rapid resolution of the dispute, among other things. This is something that the Lok Adalat has the ability to do. Mobile Lok Adalats are also organised in various locations around the country, and in order to make the process of resolving difficulties using this approach as straightforward as possible, they go from one location to another in order to settle conflicts. Since the very first Lok Adalat was held in India in 1993, more than 15.14 million of these types of sessions have been held all throughout the country as of September 30, 2015. Up to this point in time, this system has successfully addressed over 8.25 crore different cases.

The legal system of a country at any given moment is not the result of the actions of a single man or of a single day; rather, it is the result of the combined efforts of the initiatives, experiences, and consistent intelligent arrangement of a large number of individuals through time. It is necessary to acquire foundational knowledge on the history of the progression and development of the existing legal system in order to comprehend and understand it in an appropriate manner. It is not to place the activities of the past in front of the ones of the future. The past sheds light on the present, and the present will shed light on the future. Law is the establishment of the cosmos; it is equity (Nyaya), imperial order (Rajashasana), the legal system Vyavahara Dharamasastra, Constitutional law (Rajadharma), and Rule of law (Dharmarajya). who do so also benefit from the protection that Dharma provides. Man is shielded from destructive thoughts and deeds by his adherence to dharma. Everything in this universe is subject to Dharma's dictates. As a result, Dharma is seen as being of the utmost importance. Dharma is what keeps up and guarantees progress and government assistance of all: it is proclaimed as orders; it is for the government assistance and joy of individuals, and the State (here ruler) was depended with duty of upholding Dharma in pursuit of human bliss: it guarantees the upliftment of living beings. Dharma is what keeps up and guarantees progress and government assistance of all: it is proclaimed as orders; it is for the government assistance and joy of individuals and the State (here ruler) was (this is social equity). Every single one of the dealings with Dharma, as a consequence, suggested norms of correct conduct, the acknowledgement of which was seen as obligatory for the assistance of the government, peace, and bliss of both the individual and the general public. If everyone behaves in accordance with Dharma and, as a result, safeguards Dharma, then there will be a systematic culture present, and a structured society will, as a result, guarantee the privilege of the people. In point of fact, when there was no legal proceeding, when individuals were customarily truthful, but as the norm of conduct declined, the system of legal procedures for implementation of rights and discipline of wrongs was set up, and the ruler was named to choose claims as he has the ability to authorise the law and rebuff the miscreant. This system of legal procedures for implementation of rights and discipline of wrongs was set up. As a component of Dharma, positive common and criminal law, as well as the law managing the foundation of courts, their forces, capacities, and systems, were written down during this phase of the development of human culture in India. This phase also marks the beginning of the history of the legal system and the Constitution. In times past, disagreements were resolved via the conciliatory efforts of more seasoned individuals, which paved the way for the development of a squeeze system. It was generally held that God communicates through panchas, and this dynamic was typically recognised as the heavenly cycle. As a result, the panchas who offered their decision were increasingly seen as heavenly specialists, and their decisions were accepted without question. Heavenly is the manner in which a person expresses themselves when they conduct themselves in accordance with the dictates of the law. The social debates aim system with a worthiness foundation was formed as a result of this cycle and went on to become the example in old India. In 1909, Mahatma Gandhi penned the following words: "India's redemption consists in forgetting what she has realised throughout the course of the notwithstanding the warning that Mahatma Gandhi issued about exactly eighty years ago, we are still bearing the burden of the rules of British India on our shoulders. 8 As a result, this provincial "convey forward," which does not allow for immediate substitution, exemplifies the status quo of the most favourable orientation of our legal system. The present moment presents the perfect chance to study the antiquated legal system, which is incompatible with contemporary concepts. "As a result of a lack of vision, social orders, including great social orders that were achieved, have perished. "There is a need to make another world request of the weak and the strong, wherein each man and lady or youngster on our planet gets the opportunity to realise their latent ability." To tell the truth, half of India's population actually exists on less than the official poverty level. 3 The lack of resources that impoverished people have is the root cause of many of their problems. The existence of a pair can be attributed to a number of societal and mental factors. As a consequence of this, disadvantaged people have been excluded from the equity system. 4 A significant percentage of people who are in need are unable to make their way to courtrooms and are forced to suffer in silence. 15 In this way, Sri S.N. Joshi expressed that it is superfluous to comment that the rising cost of suit looming over the heads of overflowing millions, who are supporting themselves below the line of destitution, has eliminated the equity a long ways beyond the scope of their minuscule hand, and has basically tossed them into the cold-blooded jaws of oppression, imbalance, quietness toleration, and unheard judgement. He said that it is superfluous to comment that To add insult to injury, this representation of equity is neither practical nor understated. This is neither a major nor a quick development. Along similar lines, it is fundamental here to add a note of caution that no popular government can survive if justice becomes an illusion to the majority. Because of this explanation, the legitimate delay that has been plaguing India has remained. In addition to this, there was a shortage of judges, which caused a bottleneck in the transmission of value. A source claims that on many instances, additional authorised professionals were necessary for sustaining the existing general set of rules, as well as for accelerating the process of evacuating situations that were coming up. As of the end of December 2005, there were four openings in the Supreme Court and as many as 141 openings in the country's 21 High Courts, with Calcutta, Madras, Allahabad, Punjab, and Haryana dominating the total. In addition, there were four freedoms in the Madras High Court. As of the 31st of December in 2005, there were 34,481 cases that were approaching the Supreme Court, 35,21,283 cases that were approaching the High Courts, and the 2002 Amendments to the Civil Procedure Code, the Supreme Court issued a judgement in August 2005 directing the Central Government to lead a "lawful impact evaluation" and to set up cash and structure to oversee additional cases regardless of the circumstances in which another law is requested. This guidance was issued as part of the Salem Advocate Bar Association of Tamil Nadu vs. Union of Indian. Since the 1st of April 2001, there have been a total of 1,734 rapid track courts (FTCs) operating across the country of India. The renter Congress drove UPA administration didn't pursue with the eleventh Finance Commission to get the sponsors certified in 2005, and the residence of FTCs slipped past on March 31, 2005. This was due to the fact that the UPA government was driven by Congress. In any case, in response to the development of the term of the FTCs till 30 April 2005 by the Supreme Court, the Central Government made the decision to continue with the operation of the FTCs all across the nation, and the Government accepted Rs.509 crores for an additional 5 years of funding. In addition, in order to hasten the flow of property, a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court issued an order in August 2005 directing the High Courts to adopt expeditious actions in order to hasten the processing of all matters, both civil and criminal, within a certain amount of time. The Supreme Court ruled that the cases shall be evaluated using three different distances: run, focus, and big. This was done in order to have the burden of weight released from the development of the cases. The Supreme Court divided the cases that were pending before it into a number of distinct tracks, each of which was determined by the likelihood that the case would be upheld, the amount of evidence that would need to be verified, and the amount of time that it may take for the courts to For example, fundamental lawsuits including support, division, rent, and expulsion would fall under the purview of Track-I. Within the next nine months, these cases should be closed. Track-11, which covers lawsuits for cash, would have a maximum of one year, while Track-Ill and Track-IV, which involve lawsuits for bundles, property discussions, and other similar topics, would have a limit of two years. This is the matter that is being challenged in India, but everywhere else on the planet, and the courts are being tried in the difficult work of arranging and enhancing their evacuation rates to the recording speeds of new investigations. In a similar vein, a number of courts' dockets contain cases that have been pending for an appreciable stretch of time, and in some cases, even for an extended period of time in the form of multiple years. They will lose the confidence of the public in the association of value if they fail to receive value for a significant period of time together, especially if it causes frustration and thwarted expectation not just result, the question of how the value may be obtained rapidly and effectively is an essential one. The game plan is to produce rapid value and obtain some inventive changes to the general set of legislation so that it will be feasible to remain alert with the betterment of the situation in the country. We are now unable to solve the problem of pending cases, regardless of the increasing number of additional courts that have been established. Equity V.R. Krishna Lyer and Justice P.N. Bhagwati, who conceived of and initiated the concept of the Lok Adalat, provided a spark for the amicable resolution of disputes through the use of conciliation. Keeping in mind the requirements of the vulnerable, incapacitated, socially and financially hindered people, the individuals who can't move toward the courtroom, down-trampled and being completely mindful and aware of the way that law and equity are not the protest of a special minority but rather the normal legacy of all, the State has been put under commitment to guarantee that the legal system gets equity and will, specifically, give free legal guide by appropriate enactment or pleading. In light of these considerations, 20 Additionally, it is a well-known fact that the existing Indian way of organising the judicial system is not adequate enough to deal with the challenges of the modern day. It has not in the least been able to live up to the expectations that people have for it. The foundation is cracking and, from all appearances and purposes, the building is extremely close to collapsing. There will be a variety of cases brought before the Supreme Court in the near future. However, the same types of cases will also be brought before the High courts, District courts, Subordinate courts, and Sub-Subordinate courts. As a consequence, the volume of work involved in each case has become so great that the contact between clients and attorneys has ground to a halt. As a result, an administrative reorganisation of the legal process is urgently required. 2 Because of this, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth investigation into the foundations of the contemporary legal system and to offer strategies for the development of an active legal executive. Although the Indian Constitutional plan makes equity in all of its actual aspects, social, monetary, and political, the most elevated goal, and endows legal organisation to an autonomous instrumentality, there is a great deal of cause for concern due to the fact that the Indian legal system actually remains a frontier legacy and of Victorian vintage. Therefore, the question that has to be asked is how much longer we will continue to deny equity, which is after each of the constitutional commitments that we have made to our relatives. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru summarises the overall situation as follows: "We should comprehend that the system of the nineteenth century has perished The following is what the Constitution of India states in its Article 39A: Equal equity and free legal guidance The state will ensure that the operation of the legal system promotes equity, based on the principle of equal liberties, and will, specifically, provide free legal guidance through appropriate legislation or plans or in any other manner, to guarantee that chances for getting equity are not denied to any resident due to financial or other incapacities. During his time as Prime Minister, Shri Narasimha Rao made the following statement: "The higher need ought to be given to settling debates at the grassroots level by a system that is straightforward and modest and serves the requirements of the continually changing local area by giving ideal equity. " This statement was made while he was in the process of initiating a one day meet of the Chief Ministers and Chief Justices from everywhere in the nation. Simultaneously, he said that the public authority was in the process of shortly bestowing legal standing onto the Lok Adalat, which had assisted in the ensuring of prompt, powerful, and effective treatments in every region of the nation. Institutions are established not only with the goal of enhancing the equity conveyance system, but also with the goal of providing speedy and affordable legal services to the less fortunate. On the other hand, the concept of Lok Adalat was developed in response to the resentment and dissatisfaction felt by members of India's working class and poorer populations against the adversarial judicial system in that country. Since 1982, when the first version of the legal guide development was published as a component of the legal guide methodology, Lok Adalat has been able to exert its authority. The course of history has shown that it is one of the ADR components that is both incredibly effective and substantial, and that it is also generally suited to the climate, culture, and cultural interests of India. After parties are finished covering their tracks, the Ernest hour of justice is the hour of bargaining, during which time they try to reach an agreement that is reasonable and straightforward. This concept for the resolution of disputes, which is indigenous to Indian culture, is governed by Indians, and is now legal. This furthers the goals of the Indian Constitution. It goes without saying that equivalent equity and a free legal guidance go hand in hand. It is accurate to say that since the end of the Second World War, the finest tool for the formation of a system of legal guidance has been the insurgency that has occurred in the legal system. The Lok Adalat system is not, at this point, on trial premise; however, it is a feasible and proficient, leading and palliative elective method of contest settlement that is recognised as a feasible, monetary, productive, casual, and quick type of goal of questions. Currently, the system is not on trial premise. The concepts of mediation, arrangement, disagreements is the principle of shared acquiescence, the willing admission of appeasement with the help of guides and conciliators. It is a participatory ADRM that shows promise and may be anticipated. It revolves on the principle of bringing awareness to the parties involved in the dispute, such that their government help and interest, in reality, rests in appearing at a peaceful, neighbourly, rapid, and consensual settlement of the questions. In spite of the fact that Lok Adalat is a potent alternative dispute resolution mechanism (ADR) that is beneficial to the disputant parties, the majority of the defendant parties have not yet appeared before these bodies. Why is it the case? What factors are acting as impediments to the process of making this system more natural among people who are free to roam about? Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research into the legal standing of Lok Adalats and identify the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of their operations.

Switching to ADR systems makes sense when taking into account the various benefits that are involved with doing so. Keeping the peace is crucial for expanding one's audience, therefore it makes sense to make the switch. Arguments and conflicts not only waste a significant amount of time, effort, and money, but they also add further to the disturbance of the tranquil tone that the audience is trying to maintain. When seen in this perspective, the fact that there was no public demonstration of any type is of the utmost significance. In all cases, the truth is articulated from a perspective that is rational and logical; it is not something that can be conjured up in one's imagination. Keeping this in mind, the next best solution is for any challenges that occur to be confronted front on at an early stage. This should be done as soon as possible. In view of the fact that the court systems of the vast majority of countries are already in a state of chaos, the introduction of each new case would only serve to make the situation even more precarious. When compared to typical court processes, alternative methods of conflict resolution have the potential to be accomplished in a shorter amount of time, at a cheaper cost, and with a better level of clarity. It enables people to work together to find solutions to their problems, which is something that would be impossible during the daytime hours. It is a kind of formal and adversarial justice that is beset by esoteric procedures and complex legal jargon that makes it difficult to understand. Make a suggestion for a possible option, such as a suggestion concerning the technology, strategy, pricing, representation, or location. It is possible that this will be finished more rapidly than the legal processes, which makes it useful contribute to a review of the growth in legal fees and the utilisation of legal counsel, which would be to the benefit of congregations and individuals.

1) Court Fees Act, 1870 Family Courts Act, 1984 2) Federal Arbitration Act, 1925 Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Indian Stamp Act, 1889 Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 3) Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 Registration Act, 1908 4) A.C.C. Unni, ―The New Law of Arbitration and Conciliation in India‖, in P.C. Rao and William Sheffield (Eds.), Alternative Dispute Resolution 68 (Universal Law Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1997). 5) A.K. Bansal, ―Fast Track Arbitration‖ in P.C. Rao and William Sheffield (Eds.), Alternative Dispute Resolution 312 (Universal Law Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1997). 6) Alexander Bevan, Alternative Dispute Resolution (Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1992). 7) Anirudh Wadhwa and Anirudh Krishnan (Eds.), R.S. Bachawat‘s Law of Arbitration and Conciliation (Lexis Nexis Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur, 5th Edn., 2010). 8) Ashwanie Kumar Bansal, Arbitration and ADR (Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2005). 9) Avtar Singh Law of Arbitration and Conciliation (Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, 7th Edn, 2005). 10) Brown, Henry J. and Arthur L. Mariot, ADR Principles and Practice (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2nd Edn.,1997). 11) Bryan A. Garner (Ed.), Black‘s Law Dictionary (West Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, 8th Edn., 2004). 12) D.P. Mittal, Taxmann‘s Law of Arbitration, ADR & Contract (Taxmann Allied Services (P) Ltd., Delhi, 2nd Edn.). 13) Court Fees Act, 1870 Family Courts Act, 1984 14) Federal Arbitration Act, 1925 Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Indian Stamp Act, 1889 Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 15) Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 Registration Act, 1908 16) A.C.C. Unni, ―The New Law of Arbitration and Conciliation in India‖, in P.C. Rao and William Sheffield (Eds.), Alternative Dispute Resolution 68 (Universal Law Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1997). 17) A.K. Bansal, ―Fast Track Arbitration‖ in P.C. Rao and William Sheffield (Eds.), Alternative 18) Alexander Bevan, Alternative Dispute Resolution (Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1992). 19) Anirudh Wadhwa and Anirudh Krishnan (Eds.), R.S. Bachawat‘s Law of Arbitration and Conciliation (Lexis Nexis Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur, 5th Edn., 2010). 20) Ashwanie Kumar Bansal, Arbitration and ADR (Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2005). 21) Avtar Singh Law of Arbitration and Conciliation (Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, 7th Edn, 2005). 22) Brown, Henry J. and Arthur L. Mariot, ADR Principles and Practice (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2nd Edn.,1997). 23) Bryan A. Garner (Ed.), Black‘s Law Dictionary (West Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, 8th Edn., 2004). 24) D.P. Mittal, Taxmann‘s Law of Arbitration, ADR & Contract (Taxmann Allied Services (P) Ltd., Delhi, 2nd Edn.). 25) Davit St. John Sutton, Judith Gill, Mathew Gearing (Eds.) Russel on Arbitration (Sweet and Maxwell, London, 23rd Edn., 2007). 26) Fali S. Nariman, India‘s Legal System: Can it be Saved? (Penguin Books, Delhi, 2006).

Research Scholar, Department of Law, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan