A Comparative Study of Group Cohesion between University and National Handball Male Players

Handball is a sport that played acrossthe world specially in European countries, in India handball sport is very popular and it demands much skill related fitness components among those players who play handball as well as it demands mental and overall physical skills. Extraordinary reflexes ( Involves characteristics of kabaddi, rugby, and some ball games like Basketball and Volleyball ) in India Handball sport is played outdoor under Natural conditions. Merely being together at workouts and games doesn't necessarily guarantee a team will be cohesive and successful, it simply means that they are occupying the same space at the same time. A cohesive team can be distinguished from a no cohesive team by many characteristics, a good working relationship, shared responsibility, respect, positive energy, trust, a willingness to cooperate, unity, good communication, pride in membership, and synergy. Another indicator of the amount of cohesiveness in a team is the frequency of statements of we and our, in contrast to statements of I, me and mine. The we is just as important as the me. Developing cohesion is something that takes time and effort, but it is well worth the investment. In handball group cohesion played a major role because in this body Contact sport working relationship, shared responsibility, willingness to cooperate, Unity and members involvement is very important, which changes the overall performance in that team sport. There is no individual responsibility in this sport, another hand in handball group cohesiveness influences the overall game dimension.

The study had a clear purpose to investigate the level of university and national handball players. The subject for this study were 30 male handball players was range between 18 to 30 years. The Criterion measure chosen by scholar The questionnaire used for the study were the group environment questionnaire developed by Brawley, and widener which assess team cohesion of players. To compare the team cohesion of university and national handball player‘s t-test was used. and the level of significance was set as 0.05

Significance difference of mean group cohesion (ATG-T) National and University Handball players.

National 21.03 0.13 3.85 4.91

N=30

Degree of Freedom =58 Significant at 0.05 level's'0.05 (58) = 2.00 It is clearly evident from the above table that the calculated' is 4.91 and tabulated value of 't' is 2.00. Hence calculated 't' is greater than tabulated 't'. It means there is significant difference between the mean of both group. Thus it was concluded that National handball players dominated in attraction to group task of University Handball players task.

Significance difference of mean group cohesion (ATG-S) National and University Handball players.

National 26.13

1.97 5.67 0.34

University 28.01

N=30

Degree of Freedom =58 Significant at 0.05 level's'0.05 (58) = 2.00 It is clearly evident from the above table that the calculated' is 0.34 and tabulated value of 't' is 2.00. Hence calculated 't' is greater than tabulated 't'. It means there is significant difference between the mean of both group. Therefore it concluded that University Handball players dominated in attraction to group social of National handball player's attraction to group social.

Significance difference of mean group cohesion (GI-T) National and University Handball players.

National 24.33

1.8 4.84 0.37

University 26.13 Significant at 0.05 level's'0.05 (58) = 2.00 It is clearly evident from the above table that the calculated is 0.37 and tabulated value of 't' is 2.00. Hence calculated 't' is greater than tabulated 't'. It means there is significant difference between the mean of both group. Therefore it concluded that University Handball players not dominated in group integration task of national handball player's group integration task.

Significance difference of mean group cohesion (GI-S) National and University players.

National 19.96

0.77 5.77 0.13

University 20.73

N=30

Degree of Freedom =58 Significant at 0.05 level's'0.05 (58) = 2.00 It is clearly evident from the above table that the calculated' is 0.13 and tabulated value of 't' is 2.00. Hence calculated 't' is greater than tabulated 't'. It means there is significant difference between the mean of both group. Therefore it concluded that University Handball players dominated in to group Integration social of national handball player's Group Integration social.

It was found that the Team cohesion aspects ATG-T of national handball player are far better than the university level handball players. It was found that the Team cohesion aspects ATG-T of national handball player are lower than the university level handball players. It was found that the Team cohesion aspects GI-T of national handball player are lower than the university level handball players. It was found that the Team cohesion aspects GI-S of national handball player are lower than the university level handball players. Work and Organizational Psychology, Volume 10, (June 2001) 2. Brawley, and Widmeyer, Group Environment Questionnaire (Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1995) 3. Albert, V Carron; Steven R Bray; Mark A Eys "Team Cohesion and Team Success in Sport" Journal of Sports sciences. Volume: 20 4. Altman, Stacey R. J.D. "Sexual orientation and team cohesion in women's Intercollegiate basketball" Eastern Carolina University Department of Exercise and sport science (July 2006)

Research Scholar, School of Physical Education, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore