A Comparative Study of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh on the Basis of Agriculture

The Indian state of Madhya Pradesh is located in the country's center. Its name comes from the Hindi terms for "central" and "area," Madhya and Pradesh. Province in the center; therefore, its English meaning. Bhopal serves as the state capital. Madhya Pradesh ranks as India's fifth most populous state with its 75 million or so citizens, but it is the country's second biggest state in terms of land area. The states of Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh lie to the northeast, Maharashtra and Gujarat to the south, and Rajasthan and Gujarat to the west and northwest, respectively.1 Its largest city is Indore. The State's principal cities include Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Satna, Guna, and so on. Following India's independence, Nagpur was designated as the capital of Madhya Pradesh. It covered what is now the state of Madhya Pradesh in the south and parts of modern-day Maharashtra in the northeast. This state was reconstituted in 1956 when portions of Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal, and Madhya Bharat were combined to form the new Madhya Pradesh. The Marathi-speaking area of Vidarbha was eliminated and combined with Bombay. Up to the year 2000, the state was the biggest state in terms of area in the nation. However, the Chhattisgarh area in the southeast of the state was eventually divided into its own state. In terms of area, Madhya Pradesh is now the second-largest state in the nation. It was regarded as one of India's most "sick" economies until 2003. However, following 2005, it began to recover steadily and eventually rose to become the fastest-growing state in terms of GDP, with 12% growth in the 2011–12 fiscal year. At a GDP per capita of Rs. 80,000 and a total GDP of Rs. 8.09 lakh crore, Madhya Pradesh ranks tenth in terms of population in India. Furthermore, its per capita income, which amounts to ₹ 109372, ranks 26th in the whole nation.[2] The state ranks 26th in India in terms of the Human Development Index.3 The region is covered with trees to the tune of 25.14 percent.4 In January of 2013, President Pranab Mukharjee recognized Madhya Pradesh for its progress in the areas of tourism, healthcare, and infrastructure development. There are kings of Rajasthan. The Thar Desert and its camels provide a stunning sight. Men with colorful turbans and mustaches, ladies in dazzling anklets and ghagras—it's a visual feast for the eyes. Palaces built during the reign of some of its former Rajput dynasties and well-laid-out gardens with pavilions and stalls all contribute to the state's overall splendor and unique charm, as do temples and fortresses perched on the slopes of the rocky Aravalli. Mining, agriculture, and tourism all contribute to Rajasthan's copper, and lignite are all extracted from state-owned mines. It accounts for 10% of India's total salt output and is the country's second-largest cement manufacturer. After Chhattisgarh was separated from Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan became the biggest state in the nation, with an area of around 3.42 lakh sq. km. The population of the state was 6.85 crore as per the 2011 census. The use pattern of levels varies considerably between Rajasthan and the rest of India. Seventy percent of Rajasthan's total reported area was used for farming in 2014–15. In terms of the total cultivated land in the nation, Rajasthan is in a decent position. Inc42 forecasts that by 2025, India's agriculture market would be worth US$24 billion. The Indian food and grocery market ranks sixth worldwide, with 70% of sales coming from the retail sector. In FY23 (April 2022-January 2023), India's exports of agricultural and processed food goods were US$ 43.37 billion. In the Second Advance Estimates for 2022-23 (Kharif alone), the country's foodgrain output is projected to reach 153.43 million metric tons. Agriculture and related industries in India contribute 18.3% to GDP in the current fiscal year (2022-23). According to the National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation's third Advance Estimates of National Income, 2021-22, agriculture and related sectors provided around 18.6% of India's GVA at current prices in 2021-22. U.S.$4.43 billion was invested in the agricultural services sector from April 2000 to December 2022. The key element that drives the sector is the rapid population growth in India. This is further supported by the fact that increased incomes in both rural and urban regions have boosted the demand for agricultural goods throughout the country. This is shown in the introduction of several e-farming apps and the rising use of cutting-edge methods such as block chain, AI, GIS, drones, and remote sensing technologies, all of which are fueling the industry.

The present study is focused on comparison of two Indian State named Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh based on Agriculture.

Secondary sources such as periodicals, newspapers, annual reports, books, magazines, conferences, websites, online resources, etc. have been mined for their information. In secondary data analysis, the researcher makes use of previously collected information.

It has been determined, after a study of the relevant literature, that no studies have been conducted on the topic of "Economic Development of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan during 2000-2015-A comparative Analysis." Two Indian states' economic growth during the same time span has not been compared yet. While there has been a great deal of research done on the economic growth of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan individually, this study is the first to provide a comparative analysis of the two states' progress throughout the years 2000-2015.

During this time period, the cultivated land in both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan expanded. However, in Rajasthan, the pace of growth was far faster. Thus, at the conclusion of the time period, more land in Rajasthan was being farmed than in Madhya Pradesh.

During this time, there was little change in the primary agricultural products of either state. However, the relative significance of several crops saw certain changes. In both states, for instance, the amount of land used for growing soybeans has risen dramatically while the amount of land used for growing wheat has fallen.

Both states had increases in agricultural production over this time period, although Madhya Pradesh's gain was more rapid. The eventual effect was that Madhya Pradesh's agricultural output was greater than Rajasthan's.

During this time, agricultural products were more easily sold in Rajasthan than in Madhya Pradesh. The agricultural marketing infrastructure in both states did saw substantial growth during this time.

From 2000 to 2015, the agricultural sectors of both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan saw tremendous growth. However, at the conclusion of the time period, Madhya Pradesh's agricultural industry was more productive and mechanized. During this time, the agricultural marketing infrastructure of Rajasthan was superior than that of any other state. The most important agricultural indicators for Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan between the years 2000 and 2015 are summarized in the table below: It is worth noting that climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation are all issues that threaten the agricultural sectors of both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. To combat these problems, both states are promoting sustainable agricultural practices and investing in irrigation infrastructure.

• The proportion of Madhya Pradesh's land that is forested is greater than that of Rajasthan's. Perhaps this explains why California and Florida have such different agricultural outputs.

• Aridity of Rajasthan exceeds that in Madhya Pradesh. The disparity in agricultural output

• Recent years have seen substantial growth in the agricultural sectors of both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. There is, nevertheless, more work to be done, particularly in the areas of agricultural output and water resource administration.

1. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5th February 2020. Retrieved 30th October 2019. 2. "MOSPI State Domestic Product, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India". 15 March 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021 3. "Human Development Index Across Indian States: Is the Glass Still Half Empty?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9th June 2021. Retrieved 9th June 2021 4. "India State of Forest Report 2019" (PDF). 5. "Madhya Pradesh topped the National Tourism Awards 2010–11". jagranjosh.com. 1st January 2012. Archived from the original on 19th June 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2012 6. "Madhya Pradesh topples Bihar, new No 1 in economic growth". Economic Times. 30 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2nd April 2013. Retrieved 30th March 2013 7. Madhya Pradesh Presentation and Economy Growth Report | IBEF". www.ibef.org. Archived from the original on 28th February 2017. Retrieved 26th February 2021 8. "The Hathnora Skull Fossil from Madhya Pradesh, India" (PDF). Geological Survey of India. 20th September 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16th September 2012. Retrieved 8th September 2012. 9. https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/madhyapradesh/madhyapradeshphysical.htm 10. http://jnkvv.org/Images/Departments/SoilSc_img2.jpg 11. http://jnkvv.org/Images/Departments/SoilSc_img1.jpg 12. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aditya_Dash2/publication/24441462/figure/download/fig1/AS:213864760254466@1428000740460/a-Location-of-Madhya-Pradesh-in-India-b-Tribal-dominated-Districts-in-MP-c-Tribal.png 13. Census 2011 14. Economic Survey of M.P. 2020-21

Humanities, Maharishi Arvind University, Jaipur Rajasthan)-302041