To Investigate the Effect of Permeability Properties on HSC Using Different Mineral Admixture

Currently India has taken a major initiative on developing the infrastructures such as express highways, power projects and industrial structures. To meet the requirement of globalization, in the construction of buildings and other structures concrete plays very important role. In concrete there are many ingredient which gives good proportion. This ingredient gives strength, durability etc. The river sand is most widely used in concrete. Also rapid growth in construction field leads to huge exploitation of rives sand. Because of this over use of rive sand it adversely effect on river banks. So now days we use artificial sand for construction. The properties of artificial sand are influenced by physical properties of its parent rock. The properties of artificial sand influences the workability and finishing of the fresh concrete. There is a growing interest in the use of high performance concrete which provides overall durability and high strength. Method of estimating the durability of porous material is by measuring the rate at which a fluid a gas permeates through the material under given pressure. Therefore, the measurements of the permeability of concrete were used as an indication of durability. From this it is observed that permeability is the key to all durability problems. In High strength concrete is major problem made because of shortage of natural sand. Hence artificial sand is emerging an available everywhere to produce concrete. Important governing factors for HPC (High Performance Concrete) are strength and long term durability. As seen in previous literature study most of research is carried out on effect of temperature and permeability on high strength concrete. Also the study is carried out on natural sand. The study is not seen based on artificial sand and different admixture based on it. So it is need to study the permeability effect on HSC using artificial sand.

Mix design is done according to IS-10262:2009. After manual calculation experimental work is done for different water to binder ration and also for different mineral admixture such as silica fume and GGBS. Experimental work is done for manufacture and natural sand. Then permeability tests are carried out .And the results are compare.

work 1. Cement - The type of cement used during project work is OPC53 grade confirming to IS 8112. The cement should be fresh, uniform consistency and free of lumps and foreign matter. It should be stored under dry conditions and for as short duration as possible 2. Coarse Aggregate - For experimental work20mm the size of coarse aggregate is used. The gradation is done by using sieve analysis method. 3. Fine Aggregate (Manufactured Sand) - The sand used for this work should be clean, fresh, dust free, and free from organic matter. 4. Water - The water used for concrete mix must be potable. 5. Mineral Admixture - For greater strength the mineral admixture plays vital role. These are used for various purposes, depending upon their properties. For this work we used silica fume and GGBS as mineral admixture 6. Silica Fume - Silica fume giving specific gravity 2.21 is partially replaced with cement. In this study proportion used is 8%, 10%, 12% respectively about cementatious material. 7. GGBS - Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. The cement in concrete is replaced accordingly with the percentage of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50 by weight of GGBS. 8. Super plasticizer - Super plasticizers are the improved chemical admixture over plasticizer with highly effective plasticizing effect on wet concrete. Here the super plasticizer used is Master Glenium ACE 30JP.

For knowing properties of material used in experimental work tests are carried out. Specific gravity and absorption test is conducted on aggregate.

In this experimental work following are the trials taken for mix design of M60 grade concrete using silica fume and natural sand. For natural sand 10% replacement of silica fume is used. For artificial sand, 8%, 10%, and 12% replacement of silica fume is used by considering water binder ratio as 0.28. And again 10%, and 12% replacement of silica fume is used by considering water binder ratio as 0.3 as shown in table no3. Following is the table no4. For M70 grade concrete using silica fume as a mineral admixture. In this work natural sand is used with 10%silica fume as water to binder ratio 0.26. For this trial quantities are shown in first column. The artificial sand is used with 10% and 12% of silica fume by considering 0.26 and 0.27 water binder ratio. The calculated quantities are shown in below. For mix design 20%, 30%, 40%of GGBS is used. For design by using natural sand as well as artificial sand0.3 Water to binder ratio is used. Here only percentage of GGBS is changed. As shown in table no5. There are two trials taken for M70 grade concrete using GGBS for artificial sand. Here water to binder ratio is kept constant as 0.27. And the percentage of GGBS is varying that is 40%for natural sand and 30% and 40% for artificial sand. As shown in table no6.

Water Permeability Test (WPT) Standard BS/EN 12390-8:2009. Part 8 consist of depth of penetration water. The test is carried on M60 grade cube having admixture of silica fume and GGBS the results are compare with normal M60 grade concrete cube. This European Standard specifies a method for determining the depth of penetration of water under pressure in hardened concrete which has been water cured. Water is applied under pressure to the surface of hardened concrete. The specimen is then split and the depth of penetration of the waterfront is measured. Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) Procedure of Test- The test method involves obtaining a 100 mm (4 in.) diameter core or cylinder sample from the concrete being tested. A 50 mm (2 in.) specimen is cut from the sample. The side of the cylindrical specimen is coated with epoxy, and after the epoxy is dried, it is put in a vacuum chamber for 3 hours. The specimen is vacuum saturated for 1 hour and allowed to soak for 18 hours. It is then placed in the test device (see test method for schematic of device). The left-hand side (–) of the test cell is filled with a 3% NaCl solution. The right-hand side (+) of the test cell is filled with 0.3N NaOH solution. The system is then connected and a 60-volt potential is applied for 6 hours. Readings are taken every 30 minutes. At the end of 6 hours the sample is removed from the cell and the amount of coulombs passed through the Specimen is calculated. The test results are compared to the values in the chart below. This chart was originally referenced in FHWA/RD-81/119 and is also used in AASHTO T277-83 and ASTM C1202 specifications. The classification of specimen permeability according to the charge passed through the specimen is as follows-

manufacture and natural sand after addition of silica fume and GGBS is compared.

The test was carried as per BS/EN12390-2009 part 8. Standard cube of the size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm were used. The cubes were exposed to continuous water pressure of 5 kg/ m3 in an enclosed water tight apparatus for 72 hours. The results of the water penetration test are as given below:

BS/EN12390-2009 part 8-Testing of hardened concrete, depth of penetration of water under pressure

The test was carried out according to ASTM C- 12202/AASHTO: T277. The average charge passed through the specimen was calculated.

The optimum replacement of silica fume and GGBS was found to be 10% and 30% by weight of cement resp. The maximum compressive strength obtains by using natural sand and silica fume is 3.36% more than that of manufactures sand. The maximum compressive strength obtains by using natural sand and GGBS is 3.09% more than that of manufactures sand. Average depth of penetration is 9.1% less for 10%silica fume and natural sand than of manufacture sand. Average depth of penetration is 4.4% less for 30%GGBS fume and natural sand than of manufacture sand. As per ASTM C- 12202/AASHTO: T277 the chloride ion permeability is reduced by16% in case of natural sand as compare to manufactured sand

The authors wish to thank the Rajarambapu Institute and Technology of the Shivaji University and the Faculty of Civil Engineering department.

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Assistant Professor, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra 411048, India