Application of Network Analysis to Evaluate the Effective Resource Management

Generally critical path method (CPM) is used for repetitive types of projects where the time estimates for various activities are either known or can be determined fairly accurately. We know that PERT is used for pioneering type of projects i.e. projects which are the first of their own kind and where prior data about activity times is not available. But in this study, we use Programme Evaluation Review Technique for the repetitive type of projects i.e. Mass Housing construction projects. The time duration to complete the project is finding by using the PERT. There are five types of resource management. But, in the case of repetitive activities of the project, manpower, and machineries are the major resources which influence the project schedule. After studying so many papers I observed that because of inefficient management of labour the productivity of the project is badly influenced, i.e. manpower are the major recourses which influence the project duration as compare the machineries. Therefore, in this study we used the manpower management to improve the productivity of project. In recent year mass housing projects are more common in construction industry. Since mass housing projects have high repetitive activities, these projects are more concern with the problems relating to the allocation of resources in scheduling. Moreover, most of the contractors are forced to schedule the project with deadline as per the Clint requirements. Schedule for the smooth movement of resource will minimize the idle time and the total project cost. And total project cost and time reduce means productivity improves. If we did labour

The literature survey conducted gives a conclusion that in most countries, labour cost comprises 30 to 50% of the overall project‘s cost. There are many challenges that are faced by construction industry in India, but one of the important challenges is labour productivity in construction. Now a day‘s labour problem becomes a major problem in construction industry as well as another field. Hence manpower has an important role in construction. While doing project management, if we did the proper manpower management the total project cost would be reduced. So, we have to improve the labour productivity. There are so many factors that affect the labour productivity which are studied in literature survey, and in this survey, we observed that labour absenteeism is major problem. The effective utilization of labour gives the effective cost reduction for the entire project. There are so many methods are adopted to reduce the project duration or to get the optimum solution.

In this project we use a new approach for the labour management or we can say that scheduling of labour. The main objective for construction management is to complete a prescribed quantum of work within specified time at a previously estimated cost. In order to achieve this objective, planning is necessary. In the process of planning, one method and sequence of work is selected from various possible ways in which a project can be executed. This requires a clear definition of all activities that have to be carried out in order to complete the work.

Resource management is the efficient and effective deployment of an organization's resources when they are needed. There are five types of resource management which are necessary for the success of project. But in this study, we study only labour management, because now a day‘s it is observed that labour problem is continuously goes on increasing. We know that manpower contributes the 30% to 50% from total cost of project. Also, it is observed that manpower absenteeism rate is increases day by day. If the labours are absent the activity which is assign by these labours will automatically delayed and due to which time duration of the project gets increases and simultaneously cost increases. The aim of this study is to get the optimum duration for the project and minimum cost to complete the project. Planning a project usually involves dividing it into a number of small tasks that can be assigned to individuals or teams. The project‘s schedule depends on the duration of these tasks and the sequence in which they are arranged. This sequence can be driven by several factors: customer deadlines, availability of personnel or resources, and dependencies among tasks. If by any reason the schedule of project gets disturbed it directly affects the project completion time and project cost. So, the effective utilization of resources is necessary for obtaining the optimum solution.

Data collection from the site is very important phase for any type of project. In this study the data is collected from mass housing construction project. The data is collected in the following format ● Name of construction project. ● Type of construction. ● Type of building. ● Block type. ● Total number of blocks. ● Expected completion time of project in days ● Total plot area for one block ● Total quantity of project ● Skilled and unskilled labour required to complete the project ● Optimistic, pessimistic and most likely time to complete each activity of project.

Table -1: Total Quantity of Labour Required for Completing Project Expected time = (Optimistic + 4 x Most likely + Pessimistic)/6

= (340 + (4*421) + 488) /6 = 419

Table 2: Pessimistic, Optimistic and Most Likely Time to Complete the Project

Table -4: Required Skilled Labour Hour in Various Percentages

Table -5: Cost for Skilled Labour in Various Percentage

Chart -2: Project Cost for Various Scenarios (Skilled Labour for 1BHK)

The study is mainly focused on the optimum duration and effective utilization of labour to improve the productivity of project. As we know that we can improve our project productivity by reducing project duration as well as project cost. There are so many methods for improving the productivity of project. In this study we optimize the cost and project duration by effective utilization of labour. We use only labour management instead of material, machinery and any other resource management because now a day from the survey taken from various construction sites it is observed that project duration is mostly affected by labour than other resources. And for that, labour In this project for comparative study two types of blocks i.e. 1BHK and 2BHK are taken from same sites. and by analyzing the collected data the optimum cost and optimum duration is found out. And then these optimum durations are comparing with the actual duration which is already estimated.

1. Now a day‘s mass housing construction projects are continuously increases in our country. And it is observed that there is delay in project duration is cause due to labour absenteeism. So, to reduce the effective utilization of labour is necessary. 2. From the study of recent scenario, it is observed that, now a day‘s Manpower are the major resources which affected the construction project scheduling. Delay in a construction scheduling because the serious effect on the cost and time. If the schedule of project is delayed then automatically the project duration is increases and if project duration increases the total cost of the project increases and therefore the productivity of the project gets reduced. And it seriously affects the owner and contractor in many ways. 3. To improve the productivity of a construction industry the effective management of labour is necessary. Because now a day the absenteeism rate of the labour is increased. But the labour absenteeism is major factors which affect the productivity of project. There are so many factors that affect the labour productivity. It is observed that in mass housing constructions the effect of labour absenteeism is more, because there are so many numbers of repeated activities. 4. The absenteeism of labour is seriously affects the construction industry. The effects of absenteeism in the workplace are directly proportionate to decreased productivity. There are so many factors because of these labour are unsatisfied with their job and due to they get absent, study of causes of labour absenteeism is necessary to provide the good 5. Working environment to improve productivity of construction industry. 6. There are five types of resources used in the construction industry like manpower,

management of resources in a proper way is the important thing. So we studied about various types of resource management like manpower management. Money management, equipment management, material management and space management. 6. As we know that if the cost and time for the construction industry is reduce simultaneously the productivity of project is get increase. There are so many methods to find out the time duration to complete the project like PERT and CPM. But practically the project is not completed within the estimated time. There are so many factors which affect the time and cost of the project gets adversely affected. 7. From the study conducted on mass housing construction project for 1BHK blocks and 2BHK blocks it is observed that we get the optimum duration for project with minimum cost without crashing the activities. The actual duration for project was maximum. So finally, from this study I conclude that the effective utilization of labour gives the optimum duration and effective cost reduction. The crashing duration does not give the optimum solution. To reduce the labour absenteeism rate company should take a study of labour, do discussion with labour and ask about their problem regarding absenteeism. And after understanding the labour problem tries to solve their problem and provide a good working environment for workers. If the workers are satisfied with their job and working condition they effectively perform their job and due to this the productivity of the labour will increase. Absenteeism rate becomes less. And we know that if the absenteeism rate gets reduce, we can manage the labour effectively. And result of this the project is completed in optimum time.

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ME Student, Department of Civil, TSSM‘S Bhivrabai Savant College of Engineering & Research Narhe, Pune 411041