Review Report on Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in RCC Work

The term ‗Labour Productivity‘ is commonly defined as ―the Ratio of Actual total of Output achieved in a given period to the corresponding amount of labour expended‖ [BROWN DAVID S. 1983]

Construction Performance and Productivity improvement are the chiefmeasures in construction business for any nation. Indian construction industry is an essential part of economy after the Agriculture. Indian capital budgetson Construction ofprojectshighway, road, railway, energy, airport, irrigation, etc. is 40% to 50%. Accurate management of existing asset will support in improving the productivity. Labour is thechief asset in a construction Industry. Every Construction Project spent Total Costs 30% to 50% amount on labours. Quality of the structurechiefly depends on the quality of work completed by labour. Labour efficiency directly affects construction Projects Productivity. Productivity is a one of the utmost factors that affect the over-all performance of any organization. According to Make in India Project it was estimated that the construction business funds more than 10% Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India. In most countries, labour cost comprises 30% -50% of total Project Cost (Shashank et al 2015, McTague and Jergeas 2002) and the reduction of these costs can be carried out by actualapplication of manpower in construction industry. Construction Productivity and Labour Productivity are chiefParameters which determines the Profit or Loss of any construction industry. There areamount of a factor which disturbs the productivity of labour so, it is necessary to Study & Identify those factors at micro level to improve the labour productivity of any Organisation. The foremost objective of this study is to review the factor affecting labours Productivity, Equations, and Parameters needed to improve the Productivity and Productivity Tracking Processes.

2.1 Importance of Measurement of Labour Productivityin Construction [Prachi R. Ghate 2016] Author concludes the top twenty factors that affects labour productivity are as follows- 1) Labour Supervision 2) Skilled Labour 3) Work Scheduling 4) Labour Training 5) Payment

7) Climatic Condition 8) Labour Performance 9) Extra Work 10) Construction Method 11) Materials Available 12) Tools or Machinery Available 13) On site Labours strength 14) Temperature at Site 15) Safety Condition on site 16) Labour contractor Meetings 17) Labour Motivation 18) Project Managers Leadership 20) Mis-communication between site management. Author also suggests that Work Study & Work Measurement is the best techniques for labour data collection and upgrading in labour productivity. 2.2 A Critical Review on Factors Influencing Labour Productivity in Construction [Mr. S. G. Vekaria]. The Author Reviews on the Factor Affecting Labour Productivity and techniques used to evaluate the Labour Productivity. Authors suggest that ineffectivesupervision of construction possessions results in decreasing resource productivity. Appropriate management of resources in construction tasksresults cost & time effective. 2.3 LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN CONSTRUCTION [Mahesh K.S, ReshmaKassim 2017]. Author represents Productivity equation as- Productivity = Output ∕ Labour cost. Productivity means Unit of Work Done per Man-Hour or The Counter of Labour Productivity; Man-hours per unit also can be used. So, Productivity is a ratio of efficiency to total or Sum of the resources used inProduction. 2.4 Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in Construction Industries [Dharani K] Author says that, Improving the ConstructionProductivity is the utmost issues in Construction business. India is a Manager, Site Engineer & Supervisor& Craftsmen to find the Factor Affecting Construction Labour Productivity.

1. Adopt Modern Management technique 2. Proper Planning 3. Provide skills training 4. Enough tools at work 5. Motivation through incentives and other programs 6. Proper amenities to be provided 7. Good supervision 8. Safety program: 9. Departmental work force

2.6 Productivity in Building Construction [Ajba Shabbir Ahmed Pawle] as per study done by author it represents some recommendations those are as follows- 1. Increasing shuttering material quantity. 2. Storage of reinforcement- for cutting and bending of steel in advance. 3. All Resources & Material should be available at site in time also, Funds Should be available. 4. Increasing resources/labour and sub-contractors. 5. Increasing working hours to minimize the delays. 6. Offer incentives to labour & subcontractors for achieving the Targets.

the work in weekly meeting along with client &consultant. 8. Allocate more supervisory staff to regulate the Production. 2.7 An Overview Study Of Working Condition And Productivity Of Construction Labours: Case Study Of Suburban Mumbai Region Of India [Junbok Lee] Author Overviews on labour's output, welfare and safety and Concludes that there‘s a huge gap between the guidelines given in the NBC for the safety, welfare and output of labours and the actual practices followed on the site. It is detected that the guidelines given in the NBC becomes non-realistic on construction sites. A national/state level certified training programs must be run and made compulsory for the labours at the cost of the labour contractor/clients so as to improve their skill and talent.

This Paper completes a study to establish an advanced measurement system forProductivity Using BIM (Building Information Modelling)& Information IntegratedTechnology to analyse and Control the Progress. Study focuses on Productivity Tracking Process on actual Data. Applications of BIM that are mentioned are as follows. • Clash detection • Quantity - Cost estimation • Construction Analysis& ConstructionPlanning • Integrated Cost Control, Schedule Control and Other Management Functions • Offsite Production • Activity Verification, Guidance& Tracking of Construction Activities

This Paper highlights following points- 1) Types of Labour Productivity 2) Productivity measurement techniques 3) Factor Affecting on Labour productivity Analysis and 5) Guidelines for improving labour productivity: 1. Arrange labour training program. 2. Provide on time payment to the workers. 3. Avoid rework. 4. Improve relation between supervisors to labours. 5. Give time to time guidelines to the labour. 6. Provides proper incentive wage schemes as per Standard 7. Proper planning of raw material. 8. Motivate to labours towards the completion of project. 9. Advanced machineries and equipment‘s at site.

At Present in India Construction industry growing rapidly and effectively. There is need of adaptation of new techniques, Resources and Machineries as well for effective growth of Industry. Productivity compacts with the Progress of Industry so, we have to recognize the effect of Productivity as well as the factor affecting the Productivity for easiness in Construction working.

The Literature study done concludes that,Labour Productivity standsas a sensitive area in every Construction Project as Project success depend on the Effectiveness of Resources; Literature Study highlights FactorAffecting Labour Productivity, Productivity Equations, and Parameters to improve the Productivity and Productivity Tracking Processes.

BROWN DAVID S. (1983) ―Productivity of the professionals‖ productivity, New Delhi, Vol.XXIV, No.3, oct-dec.1983, pp.241-249

Mahesh K.S, ReshmaKassim, (2017) Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)Vol-3, Issue-6, 2017 ISSN: pp2454-1362 Dharani K, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET) Eng. Varma Santosh, Prof. M. R. ApteIOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 10, Issue 5 (Jan. 2014), PP 64-71 www.iosrjournals.org AjbaShabbir Ahmed Pawle, MohitSuryakant Jadhav, Mohd Ahmed Ashraf ChapraIJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 Junbok Lee, Young-Jin Park, Chang-Hoon Choi,⁎, Choong-Hee Han Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage:www.elsevier.com Abdoulaye I. Djido , Bekele A. ShiferawContents lists available at ScienceDirectjournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev Sudam Chavan, Hemant Salunkhe (2016) International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-6890(online),2347-5013(print) Volume No.5, Issue Special 1 pp : 247-249 8 & 9 Jan 2016 Prachi R. Ghate, Prof. Pravin R. Minde Working Paper July 2016 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34671.02724

Student of J.S.P.M‘sImperial College of Engg. And Research, Pune