Analysis of causes of Wastages of Construction Materials on Building Construction Site

The Indian construction sector is a fundamental part of the nation and is developing for due to industrialization; the construction industry has been growing at 10-11% year on year, mainly due to the increased home and international manufacturing activities and industrial development. There have also been increased levels of investment - especially by the Government - in infrastructure and real estate projects. The Planning Commission in its Twelfth Five Year Plan Document (2012-17) expects investments in infrastructure projects to be worth US$ 1 trillion over the five years of the Plan. Total investment as a percentage of GDP is expected to be in the range of 7-9 percent. Industrial and infrastructure sectors, together account for majority of construction sector opportunities in India.

plan) Source: Planning commission of India

The construction sector employs approximately 31 million people, accounts for some 6-8% of GDP and, after agriculture, is the largest employment sector in

Industry (Source: Indian HRD Ministry)

Building construction is composed of different types of materials. These materials are either called building materials or materials of construction. It is very vital for a builder may be an architecture or engineer or contractor, to become familiar thoroughly with these building materials. The knowledge of different types of materials their properties and uses for different purposes provide and important tool in the hands of the builders in achieving economy in material cost. The material cost in a building ranges 60 to 70 percent cost of the total cost construction. Reduction of wastage to material achives economy, the correct use of material results in better structural strength, functional efficiency and aesthetic appearance.

Construction waste can be defined as any materials by product of human and industrial activity that has no residual value. Waste is a product or material that is unwanted.ts Wastage of construction material directly affects on economy and developing rate of project .It is very important to find out the source of generation of wastage of material. During the use of material in construction and demolition of buildings lot of construction waste generated specifically India

The 60 to 70% expenditure of the any construction project spend on construction materials. And it is found that huge quantity of wastage of material take place on site during the construction phase. Wastages of material has major problem in construction industry which must be recognize very efficiently. It is very important to find the sources of wastages of material during construction phase of building .and also to analysis the critical factor of these sources.

As the Pune City is most developing city in housing construction sector .There are number of bigger construction projects are run around the Pune city .By keeping this view these projects are consider for this research study. The building .By using Delphi techniques and detailed questionnaires analysis this study carried out. The interviews are taken the personalities which are related to construction sector like General Manager ,Project Managers ,Senior Engineers , Building material suppliers, Labour Contractors, Equipment operators, Government officers, Quality Engineers, Material manager, Store keeper etc. The detailed questionnaires are circulated on various building construction site, total 124 numbers of questionnaires are circulated out of that 90 are returned.

From the interviews and questionnaires survey the sources of Wastages of Construction materials are categorized as follows.

(i) Direct Wastages: Direct wastages of construction materials are those materials which are waste in actual process of construction.

construction materials are those materials which are waste due to store handling and other factors.

In this Source following Factors are considered o Frequent design changes o Design errors o Lack of design information o Poor design quality o Slow drawing distribution o Incomplete contract o Complicated design o Inexperienced designer o Last minute client requirement o Interaction between various specialists o Poor coordination of parties during design stage Remedies: The wastage which occurs in Design stage due to above reasons can be reduce by proper communication and circulation, distribution of designs. Poor coordination in between personnel at site mistakes occurs in implementation of design to avoid this communication in between then should be proper. Complications occurring in the design should be clarified through the experienced designer so that

all details are stated clearly.

o Wrong material storage o Poor material handling o Poor quality of materials o Equipment failure o Delay during delivery o Material supplied in loose form o Inefficient methods of unloading o Unsuitable tools are used Remedies: Proper material storage is important to reduce wastage of material as if it is not done then materials get damaged which we cannot use in further construction activities. Materials stored in loose form generally get waste in more quantity to reduce that their storage should be done in such a way that it will get minimized. Delivery of right materials should be at right time with good quality so that construction activity will be followed smoothly if not then unnecessarily material wastage occurs. Tools used for handling material should be proper so that waste will be reduced.

In this Source following Factors are considered o Worker‘s mistakes during construction o Insufficient training for workers o Lack of experience o Shortage of skilled workers o Lack of awareness among workers o Poor workmanship Remedies: Worker should be well trained to reduce the wastage of material and time also. To avoid wastage because of workers proper distribution of workers as per different activities going on construction site should be done with providing proper training of work which they are going to do. o Scarcity of equipment o Poor information quality o Inappropriate construction methods o Poor supervision o Poor site management o Poor controlling o Poor planning o Rework o Lack of knowledge about construction o Non availability of equipment o Outdated equipment o Communication problems o Lack of waste management Remedies: Poor management of various things on construction site causes major waste on site. To reduce wastage planning, controlling, supervision of various activities going on site should be done effectively. Effective communication plays important role in management to reduce wastage on construction site.

In this Source following Factors are considered o Wrong material delivery o Ordering errors o Waiting for replacement o Frequent variation orders o Supplier errors Remedies: Procurement means acquisition of materials as per required standard, quality and quantity at right time. To reduce wastage due to procurement errors proper communication with supplier is required. While ordering any material verification of required quantity, quality and standard should be done before ordering it to supplier.

o Unforeseen ground conditions o Leftover materials on site o Lighting problem o Difficulties accessing construction site o Poor site condition o Congestion of site

o Effect of weather o Accidents o impulsive local conditions

Construction sector rapidly developing around the India, especially in building sector huge amount of capital investment and maximum share of this capital spend on materials which are used for construction .But there is lack of effective management and awareness about the wastages of materials during construction phase of project. This causes the wastages of money and delay of construction project. And also this wastages of material adversely affects on environment .Finding out the sources of wastages and their critical factors really challenging work for engineers but that significantly control on the wastages of material .As well as this accumulate the money ,time and saves natural resource which is used for manufacturing of construction material .

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PG Student JSPM‘s ICOER Wagholi, Pune