Steel as ―A type of item‖ in construction, it means it requires accurate records and tight control is requires while dealing with steel in construction industry. As per ABC analysis A type of item need appropriate order plan means ―just-in time‖ to avoid excess capacity. Performance of construction project depends on investment involved in project by means of direct and indirect, optimum utilization of man, material and machineries and profit gained out of project in socio-economic aspect. This study mainly focuses on optimum utilization of steel and steel yard management in construction industry. Optimum utilization of steel (reinforcement) is possible with the concept of ―Work from whole to part and not from part to whole.‖ By means of calculating the overall quantity of steel requires in project should be calculated in well advance before starting of project with advance BBS modeling, sequencing of order quantity of steel and cutting and bending of steel in steel yard to reduce or to say nullify wastage of steel in construction project. It is advisable to use CPM and PERT network for sequencing of cutting of steel to nullify wastage in project. Steel Yard is a lay down yard where sequencing of cutting bending and threading of steel is done with proper tag system. Location of steel yard in project is also a very curtail analytical part by which indirect cost of transportation can be reduce to optimum extent. Position of cutting , bending, and threading machine in steel yard along with steel inward and outward yard with stacking arrangement like ―first come first out ―with diameter wise is impactful for proper functioning of steel yard.

Optimum utilization of steel and steel yard management is a technique of management to reduce wastage of steel in construction. This technique encourages quality construction, good quality product and wastage control in steel management in construction project. There are wide scopes of exercises in utilization of advance automated machineries for cutting, bending and threading of steel to reduce labor use in construction. For administrative control and economic aspect like cash-flow management this technique is useful. Organizations everywhere throughout the world are leading towards automation practices to reduce labor involvement in construction. Darren Olsen, JD, and J. Mark Taylor.(2017):Study focus comparative study of traditional quantity takeoff with the use of 2-D drawings and Building Information modeling (BIM).In recent years construction sectors are shifting towards Building information modeling. Autodesk modeling and cost control software facilitate optimum utilization of material productivity and wastage control. Izatul Laili Jabar, Faridah Ismail, and Arniatul Aiza Musafa (2016): There are several issues in managing Industrialized Building System (IBS) like delay, quantity overrun cost. This research analyses issues related in pre-construction, construction and

Lingguang Song, Tanvir Mohammed, David Stayshich, Neil Eldin (2015):In construction industry, scaffolding material such as scaffolding, props, side plate, ledger pipe, clamp, u-head, forehead, spindle, etc. The cost effective building material tracking and locating solution obtained with use of GPS technology for lay down yard which connected with computer system should get validated with geological survey benchmark. Ionna N. Papadaki, Athanasios P Chassiakos (2016): Layout planning is key point of for successful project undertaking. The solution of study is defined in Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). S. E. SAPUAY (2016): Construction industry generates major waste like unusable material for which contractor is responsible. In most of the cases it is observed that in spite of reuse and recycle of material, material is hauled away from site. Dumping of waste contaminate environment. Thus this paper enforces to implement proper waste management at construction site.

Project success realization indicator relates to lineout of preliminary practices like stacking of material, machineries lay down yard setup and automation of processes. Site investigation shows a realistic approach towards good practices of steel yard should require following for timely assessment of project.

Utilization of steel in project is regulated with standard practices incorporated with BBS techniques. Conventional BBS was calculated with 2-D drawings collected from architect, in recent practices of construction industry shifting towards Building information Modeling (BIM). With this model communication errors are reduced between architect and contractor. It becomes easier to separate superseded drawings and GFC drawings. Related hindrances of site execution are possible to communicate in administrative forum [1]. BIM allows contractor to extracts information related to quantity takeoff. Advance Autodesk software is available, which facilitate easier calculation and cost control model for analysis.

Data collected from Autodesk software is analyzed properly with utilization of CPM or PERT network to reduce wastage of steel in steel yard operation compared with full length reinforcement rod length of 12 m. As per requirement of site operation sequencing of steel is done, related information is given for steel yard operation.

Bar MarkDescription of Elementsø of Bars№of Elmts№of BarsTotal №Cutting lengthCodeABCDEFShapeWeight (Kg)1S1 Short span @ 200T82612 №24803101075801285606011.755

T82510 №166031029580124560606.557

Distribution @ 220T82714 №2340100234012.940 Short span @ 200T8248 №164031010958042560605.182

T82510 №2470310111080124060609.757

Distribution @ 220T82714 №2030100203011.226 Short span @ 200T82612 №25903101165801300606012.277

T82510 №175031030580132060606.913 10758012856060 5858029858080 27208016158080 3095809258080

11708046508080

1410805007070 3308015707070 3745 1410805007070 3308015707070 3745 5858029858080 27208016158080 3095809258080 2958012456060 2340 1095804256060 11108012406060

2030

11658013006060 3058013206060 2380

NFF

Steel yard operation is a standard practice of operation of steel management to fulfill site requirement for successful completion of construction project.

contractor for timely handover of project. Standardization of practices is essential for smooth functioning of project. Steel is A-type of item in construction industry, requires should be managed.

Steel yard, lay down yard lineout is a crucial network of controlling project in pre-construction phase of project.

Location of steel yard in project should be managed in efficient way to reduce logistic interruption. Efficient layout planning is key point of successful project regulation, possible to be managed with Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP).At the same time below mentioned parameters contribute in cost minimization [4]. ⫸ Per day frequencies of trip made between pairs of facility ⫸ Distance between predetermined location( meters) ⫸ Transportation cost between location (unit/meter) ⫸ Construction cost facility at alternate location (cost units) Optimization of objective is done to minimize total cost indicated in relationship Subject to i = 1, 2, 3,……., n ⫸ n = Number of facility in location ⫸ = permulative matrix variable ⫸ = Trip frequency between facility i and j ⫸ = Transportation cost between location i and j ⫸ = Distance between location i and j ⫸ = construction cost if facility x is placed in location i

a. Stacking of rebar: Rebar stacking is very important in Steel Yard Management. After awarding contract next to procurement stage, rebar stacking is required to be done carefully. ⫸ Direct contact of rebar to soil is avoided to reduce rusting. ⫸ A platform required to be preparing above ground. ⫸ Rebar should be stock dia. wise to avoid mess-up ⫸ First enter first go system should follow. ⫸ There should be proper drive way should be maintained in stocks of different dia of rebar. ⫸ Tag system should be maintained for inward and outward stock of rebar. ⫸ Exact number of bar get shifted towards cutting and bending yard, according to bar bending schedule of particular area.

Different mechanical splicing system based on type of reinforcement coupler used ⫸ Threaded Coupler

1) Parallel threaded coupler 2) Tapered threaded coupler 3) Upset Parallel threaded coupler ⫸ Coupler with crimped sleeve ⫸ Coupler with injected sleeve 1) Molten metal injection 2) Grout or Epoxy resin ⫸ Butt splices ⫸ Other patented type

Steel yard management is an involve process in construction industry. Quantum of work is rising day by day development process. Development of industry in every sectors like residential, commercial, IT sector, Institutional, Railway, Road, Bridges, Water resource, Docks and Harbor, Airport etc. As per need of civilization construction sector is raising hands for development as per need of urbanization.

Sr.No.Sector% of Cost going in Civil Construction 1Power37 2Space & Specific Research20 3Education & Culture37 4Health40 5Railway50 6Roads60 7Transport60 8Civil Aviation30

Construction is largest sector after agriculture in India. In case steel production trend, it is easy to understand depth of steel yard industry in India. Steel Yard management is TQM process. Source: Joint Plant Committee. Rise of construction sector in India, leads demands of steel. Accordingly production rate of steel is increases. Now India is third largest production country all over the globe. Government releases National Steel Policy-2017, which are encourages industrialist for production road map. Steel industry was de-licensed in1991 and de-controlled in 1992.India is second largest producer of sponge iron.

From year 2003-2015, India is largest producer of sponge steel and second largest producer in 2016 after iron. Regulation of price was done on16.01.1992.Since 1992 regulation of prices determined on market trend. In ministry of steel functions an Inter-Minstrels Group (IMG). Secretary of ministry of steel monitor IMG. Currently 18% GST applied on steel without export duty.

Steel Yard utilization is cost effective process. With use of ready to use bended rebar reduce wastage. Labor cost is minimized as manual bending is not required.

As cutting and bending is done with build center, with advancement wastage reduced to zero.

As cutting and bending of rebar is done with build centre, optimum labor uses for majorly fixing work only.

Fine quality of cutting and bending rebar are getting from build centre with precise time management.

As total quantity of rebar is finalized in project initiation stage, hence bulk quantity of order is placed towards manufacturer. Hence there is saving in project cost.

As machine can bend any shape of rebar with precise accuracy, so designer have free hand for design structure.

Ready build is designed as per project demands, reduces labor cost in project.

As timely delivery of rebar with precise accuracy is done project, develops brand of organization.

1. Centralized steel yard management technique affects over strength management of construction project. Steel consuming 30-35% segment and directly related to strength, likely to be organized in large extent. 2. Standardize practice requires to be motivated, which will improve level of organization in global scenario. 3. Optimum utilization of resources facilitates achievement of project economy. Controlling project activity is necessary to reduce 20-30% cost of rework.

Darren Olsen, J.D. and J. Mark Taylor, PhD, J.D. (2017). ―Quantity take-off using building information modeling (BIM) and its limiting factors‖, Procedia Engineering, 196, pp. 1098-1105 Ioanna N. Papadaki, Athanasios P. Chassiakos (2016). Multi-Objective Construction site layout planning using genetic algorithms‖, Procedia Engineering, 164, pp. 20-27. ‖Issues in managing construction phase of IBS projects‖ Jun Ye, Iman Hajirasouliha, Jurgen Becque, Abolfazl Eslami (2016). ―Optimum design of cold –formed steel beams using Particle swam optimization method‖, Journal of construction steel Research, 122, pp. 80-93. Lingguang Song, Tanvir Mohammed, David Stayshich, Neil Eldin (2015). ―A cost effective material tracking and locating solution for material laydown yard‖, Procedia Engineering, 123, pp. 538-545 Lynnette Widder (2017). ―Earth eco-building: textile reinforced earth block construction:, Energy Procedia, 122, pp. 757-762. S. E. Sapuay (2016). ―Construction Waste-Potential and Constraints‖, Procedia Engineering, 35, pp. 714-722.

PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, JSPM Imperial COER, Wagholi, Pune