Solar Power Generation Research in India: A Scientometric Assessment of Indian Publications Output During 2008 - 2017

INTRODUCTION

In the day of energy crisis where fossil fuel becoming scared day by due to limited stock. We shall have to depend on renewable energy more and more in the future. There are several types of renewable energy, but solar energy remains as one of the principal renewable energies which can be utilized very effectively and perhaps this is one of the most efficient types of energy provides we can utilize effectively and provide we can store it for use any time we are in need. With such national and international priority, it is with necessary to bring out research on solar energy so that more thoughts can be circulated for more effective use to enable us to have the society of better tomorrow. In India different technical institutes‘ research on solar energy was conducted, and the use of solar energy in different operations been encouraged. In order to the popularised solar energy system, Government is also thinking about providing the subsidy for people, to use the solar cookers, etc. And to monitor the solar energy activities department of non-renewable energy sources has been created are also doing different research activities throughout the country. Perhaps a day will come when the ray from the sun may become the principal source of energy for our day to day use (Ghosh, 1991).

S.H. Bhimappa and K.R.Mulla [2] analyzed Bio-Fuel Literature in India reflected from Web of Science (WoS) for the period of 1989 to 2014 (25 Years) with 757 publications. The National Policy of Bio-Fuel has facilitated to most select development and utilization of indigenous biomass feedstock for production of biofuels in India are derived from renewable biomass resources and, to supplement conventional energy sources in meeting the fast increasing requirements for transportation fuels associated with high economic growth, as well as in meeting the energy needs of India‘s vast rural population. Determine the core journals in the field identify the prolific authors in the field, Analyze the most productive institutions and funding agencies. From 2012 onwards Government Funded Institutions were more active in research on biofuel and its related discipline. C. Ranganathan, [3] analyzed Green Energy Research in India reflected from the web of science (WoS) for the period 1999 to 2013 (15 years)with 1,105 publications. The authorship trend

agreement with Lotka‘s Law. A comparison of Indian output in relation to the world output may help in understanding the contribution to a better angle. Through the records available in the Web of Science database reveals a small number, and it is important that the impact of publications on green energy may be visible. R. Kanagarasu [4] analyzed the wind energy research in India reflected in Web of Science (WoS) for the period 1993-2012. Totally 6,224 publications from India, with 2,639 proceeding papers, 2,799 articles, and 339 reviews, with 3,154 institutions participated publications. About 9.4% of publications are contributed by Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur followed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay (7.27%). Indian researchers have appeared in journals with impact factors between 0.20 and 4.14. About 23.23% of authors contributed single articles. The growth rate of publications varied from 0.50 to 14.7% per year. The annual growth rate was highest in the year 2012 at 14.7%. The study reveals that the output of wind energy research in India has gradually increased over the year.

• to analyze the growth of solar power generation research Publications in Globe and India • to identify the Activity Index • to analyses Document Type • to analyze Authorship Pattern • to identify the Ranking of top 20 Institutions in India from Solar Power Generation Publication • To analyze Top 20 Most Productive Journals in India‘s Solar Power Generation • to find Relative Research Effort

From this study, the Indian authors‘ research on Solar Power Generation research publications has been downloaded from ‗SCOPUS‘, multidisciplinary online database during 10 years from 2008 to 2017. For this study, using the search term TITLE-ABS-KEY ―Solar Power Generation‖AND AFFILCOUNTRY‖india‖AND PUBYEAR>2007 AND PUBYEAR < 2018‖. The total no of 20,119 records has been reflected in the global level. Out of which, 1903 records are contributed in India. The research

• This study is confined to the SCOPUS database only. • Indian authors research publications in solar power generation data have been used for the study from 2008-2017.

The table 1 shows that, the Global wise growth of publications on solar power generation and the share of India. The publication position of global is highest in the year 2017 with a record count of 4255 (21.15%), lowest in the year was 2008 with 582(2.89 %), and the average publications were 2012(10%). India shared with a record count of 1903 (9.46%), out of which the highest number of publications was in the year 2017. The records count of 613(32.21%) with an annual share of 14.41%, the lowest number of publications was in the year 2008, with 23(1.21%) research publications. The average publication share of India was 190.3(10%). The year 2017 was most prolific for the highest number of publications for Global Wise 4255(21.45%) and India 613 (32.21%).

The comparison of India‘s contributions with the global contributions was carried out using the Relative Activity Index (AI), first suggested by Frame. The relative index whether a unit is a more or less activity in India than the rest of the world. AI = (nij / nio ) / (noj / noo) X 100 Where, nij = Indian output of paper in a field ; nio = total India output in all fields noj = World output of paper in a particular field ; noo = total World output in all fields AI = 100 indicates that the country research effort is the world average; AI >100 reflects higher activity than the world average; AI < 100 reflects lower than the average effort dedicated to the field under study. From the table 1 indicate that India‘s research effort is increased the world average year by year. The average AI for India was 79.88 during 2008 – 2017.

During the study period table, 3 shows that the authorship pattern of India author‘s solar power generation reaches publications. From the study, the highest no of 403(21.18 %) publications are contributed in three authors, followed by 358 (18.81 %) publications are contributed in two authors, 261 (13.72 %) publications are five authors, and so on. From the Study, the highest no of twenty authors contributed in one paper, followed by seventeen authors contributed in one paper and so on.

Table 4 shows that top 20 Institutions are contributed 849 publications with his rank. Top 20 Institutions Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi got the first rank with 269 (31.68%) publications, followed by Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay with 74(8.72 %) publications, and third ranks Anna University, Chennai with 50 (5.89 %) publications, and so on.

Table 5 shows that a total number of 562 records are contribute to the top 20 journals. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review contributed to 68

licpe contributed 40 (7.11 %) records with 3rd rank.

The relative research effort was being measured by the Publication Efficiency Index (PEI), and it is based on the references appended to the research articles by the authors. PEI calculated by the formula used by Guan. j., & Ma, M. (2007) (Gupta & Dhawan, 2018) PEI = TNCi / TNCt

TNPi / TNPt

Where TNCi = total number of references in a year TNCt = total number of references for all the years TNPi = total number of papers in a year TNPt = total number of papers for all the years If the value of PEI is greater than 1for a country, it indicates that the impact of publications is more, and the research effort is highly devoted to that particular country. Table described the year wise Publication Efficiency Index (PEI). PEI has been calculated from 2008-2017at 1903 publications. The years 2013, show a higher impact of publications. Further, it is found that the average reference per paper is 24.51.

• During the Study Period of solar power generation, a total number of 20,199 records are published in the global level. Out of 1903 (9.46%), records are contributed to India. From the study, in the global level, the highest number of 4,255 (21.15%) records in the year 2017, in India 613 (32.21%) in the year 2017 with the annual share 14.41 %. • During the study period, Indian solar power generation research activates index average is 79.88. • Indian authors contributed solar power generation in Document Type maximum of 926 (48.66%) records are contributed in Conference Paper. • Authorship Pattern of the study period, the highest number of 403 (21.18 %) records is contributed in three authors. • Solar Power Generation in India first rank institutions Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi with 269 (31.68%) records. • During the study period Indian solar power generation research, 1st rank journal name was Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review with 68 (12.10%) records. • Average PEI is 0.95 in the study period of solar power generation research in India

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Research Scholar, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620024