New Synthetic Procedure to Prepare Olanzapine Along With Its Related Compounds

Optimization of Analyte Extraction for the Analysis of Piperazine-Type Stimulants in Low Volume Urine Samples

Abstract

Thisstudy describes the analysis of piperazine-type stimulants [1-benzylpiperazine(BZP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP),1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl) piperazine (MeOPP)]in low volume urine samples (0.1 mL) by microextraction in packed sorbent andliquid chromatography-diode array detection. Analyte extraction has beencomprehensively optimized, and the influencing factors were screened by meansof the fractional factorial design approach. Several parameters susceptible ofinfluencing the process were studied, and these included extraction sorbenttype (C8 and C18), sample dilution (1:2 and 1:4), number of aspirations throughthe device (2 and 8) and the amount of methanol on both the washing (0 and 10%)and eluting solvents (10 and 100%).