Gadolinium Substitutions Induced Changes in the Magnetic Properties and Dielectric Behavior of Zinc–Magnesium Ferrite Nanoparticles: Effects of Gadolinium Substitutions on Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc-Magnesium Ferrite Nanoparticles

Abstract

This study examines the structural, magnetic, electrical, and dielectric characteristics of rareearth-doped nanocrystalline gadolinium were introduced to the spinel lattice and the characteristicschanged. Comparing sol-gel and co-precipitation-prepared nanocrystalline nickel ferrite's applicationproperties. Magnetic qualities were analyzed by Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), while electricaland dielectric properties were evaluated using Keithley electrometer and Impedance analyzer. Terbiumand gadolinium substitutions expand unit cells, whereas samarium doping decreases nickel ferritenanoparticle lattice parameter. Gadolinium and samarium doping reduce nickel ferrite particle size,whereas terbium doping increases it.