Automatic Number Plate Segmentation and Recognition System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29070/e20jjw74Keywords:
ALPR, Segmentation, Recognition, Image, VideoAbstract
A procedure known as automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) involves extracting licenseplate data from a series of video frames or images that have been collected. Law enforcement officials canuse ALPR to rapidly detect stolen automobiles or obtain vehicle information from those who break trafficregulations. It is also frequently used as a method of electronic payment for parking fees or tolls. ALPR istypically placed on a PC-based platform to make use of its processing capacity to process high-resolutioncameras' high-quality picture captures. Recently, the majority of smartphones come with a good camera speedier processing system that can be used to create portable ALPR systems. As a result, numerousacademics have been motivated to work on integrating ALPR technology into cameras. In this work, wereviewed a number of studies that used ALPR on a mobile platform. We go over the methods applied to thethree key ALPR stages of location, segmentation, recognition.Downloads
References
R.Radha1 and C.P.Sumathi2, “A Novel approach to extract text from license plate of vehicle”, Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal (SIPIJ)Vol.3, No.4, August 2012.
ShenZheng Wang & His-Jian Lee “Detection and Recognition of License Plate Characters with Different Appearances”,IEEE Intelligent TransportationSystems, Proceedings 2003 , vol.2 , Page(s): 979 – 984.
Humayun Karim Sulehria, Ye Zhang, Danish Irfan, Atif Karim Sulehria, “ Vehicle Number Plate Recognition Using Mathematical Morphology and NeuralNetworks”, WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTERS, Volume 7,ISSN: 1109-2750, Issue 6, June 2008.
Dr. P.K.Suri, Dr. EktaWalia, Er. Amit Verma,” Vehicle Number Plate Detection using Sobel Edge Detection Technique”, International Journal of ComputerScience and Technology, ISSN : 2229 – 4333, IJCST Vol. 1, Issue 2, December 2010.
Kumar Parasuraman and P.Vasantha Kumar, “ An Efficient Method for Indian Vehicle License Plate Extraction and Character Segmentation”, IEEEInternational Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research,2010.
Lekhana G.C, R.Srikantaswamy ,“Real time license plate recognition system”, International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research(IJATER), National Conference on Emerging Trends in Technology (NCETTech) ISSN, Volume 2, Issue 4, ISSN No: 2250-3536, July 2012.
Lee, E.R.; Kim, P.K.; Kim, H.J. Automatic recognition of a car license plate using color image processing. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Image Processing, Austin, TX, USA, 13–16 November 1994; Volume 2, pp. 301–305.
Pan, M.S.; Yan, J.B.; Xiao, Z.H. Vehicle license plate character segmentation. Int. J. Autom. Comput. 2008, 5, 425 432. [CrossRef]
Pan, M.S.; Xiong, Q.; Yan, J.B. A new method for correcting vehicle license plate tilt. Int. J. Autom. Comput. 2009, 6, 210–216. [CrossRef]
Zhang, Y.; Zhang, C. A new algorithm for character segmentation of license plate. In Proceedings of the IEEE IV2003 Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. Proceedings (Cat. No. 03TH8683), Columbus, OH, USA, 9–11 June 2003; pp. 106–109.
100. Llorens, D.; Marzal, A.; Palazon, V.; Vilar, J.M. Car license plates extraction and recognition based on connected components analysis and HMM decoding. In Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis; Springer: Estoril, Portugal, 7–9 June 2005; pp. 571–578.
101. Coetzee, C.; Botha, C.;Weber, D. PC based number plate recognition system. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. Proceedings. ISIE’98 (Cat. No. 98TH8357), Pretoria, South Africa, 7–10 July 1998; Volume 2, pp. 605–610.
102. Comelli, P.; Ferragina, P.; Granieri, M.N.; Stabile, F. Optical recognition of motor vehicle license plates. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 1995, 44, 790–799. [CrossRef]
Omran, S.S.; Jarallah, J.A. Iraqi License Plate Localization and Recognition System Using Neural Network. In Proceedings of the 2017 Second Al-Sadiq International Conference on Multidisciplinary in IT and Communication Science and Applications (AIC-MITCSA), Baghdad, Iraq, 30–31 December 2017; pp. 73–78.
Hommos, O.; Al-Qahtani, A.; Farhat, A.; Al-Zawqari, A.; Bensaali, F.; Amira, A.; Zhai, X. HD Qatari ANPR system. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Industrial Informatics and Computer Systems (CIICS), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 13–15 March 2016; pp. 1–5.
Haider, S.A.; Khurshid, K. An implementable system for detection and recognition of license plates in Pakistan. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Electrical Engineering and Computational Technologies (ICIEECT), Karachi, Pakistan, 5–7 April 2017; pp. 1–5.
Farhat, A.A.; Al-Zawqari, A.; Hommos, O.; Al-Qahtani, A.; Bensaali, F.; Amira, A.; Zhai, X. OCR-based hardware implementation for qatari number plate on the ZynqSoC. In Proceedings of the 2017 9th IEEE-GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCCCE), Manama, Bahrain, 8–11 May 2017; pp. 1–9.
Miyamoto, K.; Nagano, K.; Tamagawa, M.; Fujita, I.; Yamamoto, M. Vehicle license-plate recognition by image analysis. In Proceedings of the IECON’91: 1991 International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, Kobe, Japan, 28 October 1991; pp. 1734–1738.
Chang, S.L.; Chen, L.S.; Chung, Y.C.; Chen, S.W. Automatic license plate recognition. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 2004, 5, 42–53. [CrossRef]
Shi, X.; Zhao, W.; Shen, Y. Automatic license plate recognition system based on color image processing. In International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications; Springer: Singapore, 9–12 May 2005; pp. 1159–1168.
Sanyuan, Z.; Mingli, Z.; Xiuzi, Y. Car plate character extraction under complicated environment. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37583), The Hague, Netherlands, 10–13 October 2004; Volume 5, pp. 4722–4726.
Chowdhury, S.; Das, A.; Punitha, P. Projection Profile based Number Plate Localization and Recognition. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol. 2016, 185–200. [CrossRef]
Jia, Y.; Gonnot, T.; Saniie, J. Design flow of vehicle license plate reader based on RGB color extractor. In proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT), Grand Forks, ND, USA, 19–21 May 2016; pp. 0494–0498.
Montazzolli, S.; Jung, C. Real-time brazilian license plate detection and recognition using deep convolutional neural networks. In Proceedings of the 2017 30th SIBGRAPI conference on graphics, patterns and images (SIBGRAPI), Niteroi, Brazil, 17–20 October 2017; pp. 55–62.
Laroca, R.; Severo, E.; Zanlorensi, L.A.; Oliveira, L.S.; Gonçalves, G.R.; Schwartz, W.R.; Menotti, D. A robust real-time automatic license plate recognition based on the YOLO detector. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 8–13 July 2018; pp. 1–10.
Busch, C.; Domer, R.; Freytag, C.; Ziegler, H. Feature based recognition of traffic video streams for online route tracing. In Proceedings of the 48th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. Pathway to GlobalWireless Revolution (Cat. No. 98CH36151), Ottawa, ON, Canada, 21 May 1998; Volume 3, pp. 1790–1794.
Paliy, I.; Turchenko, V.; Koval, V.; Sachenko, A.; Markowsky, G. Approach to recognition of license plate numbers using neural networks. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37541), Budapest, Hungary, 25–29 July 2004; Volume 4, pp. 2965–2970.
Gao, Q.;Wang, X.; Xie, G. License plate recognition based on prior knowledge. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, Jinan, China, 18–21 AugustJaipur, India, 9-10 May 2007; pp. 2964–2968.
Guo, J.M.; Liu, Y.F. License plate localization and character segmentation with feedback self-learning and hybrid binarization techniques. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2008, 57, 1417–1424.
Singh, V.; Srivastava, A.; Kumar, S.; Ghosh, R. A Structural Feature Based Automatic Vehicle Classification System at Toll Plaza. In International Conference on Internet of Things and Connected Technologies; Springer: Jaipur, India, 9–10 May 2019; pp. 1–10.
Sferle, R.M.; Moisi, E.V. Automatic Number Plate Recognition for a Smart Service Auto. In Proceedings of the 2019 15th International Conference on Engineering of Modern Electric Systems (EMES), Oradea, Romania, 13–14 June 2019; pp. 57–60.
Nomura, S.; Yamanaka, K.; Katai, O.; Kawakami, H. A new method for degraded color image binarization based on adaptive lightning on grayscale versions. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. 2004, 87, 1012–1020.
Nomura, S.; Yamanaka, K.; Katai, O.; Kawakami, H.; Shiose, T. A novel adaptive morphological approach for degraded character image segmentation. Pattern Recognit. 2005, 38, 1961–1975. [CrossRef]
Kang, D.J. Dynamic programming-based method for extraction of license plate numbers of speeding vehicles on the highway. Int. J. Automot. Technol. 2009, 10, 205–210. [CrossRef]
Slimani, I.; Zaarane, A.; Hamdoun, A.; Atouf, I. Vehicle License Plate Localization and Recognition System for Intelligent Transportation Applications. In Proceedings of the 2019 6th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), Paris, France, 23–26 April 2019; pp. 1592–1597.
Yogheedha, K.; Nasir, A.; Jaafar, H.; Mamduh, S. Automatic vehicle license plate recognition system based on image processing and template matching approach. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Computational Approach in Smart Systems Design and Applications (ICASSDA), Kuching, Malaysia, 15–17 August 2018; pp. 1–8.
Xiaobo, L.; Xiaojing, L.;Wei, H. Vehicle license plate character recognition. In Proceedings of the International Conference on
Naito, T.; Tsukada, T.; Yamada, K.; Kozuka, K.; Yamamoto, S. Robust license-plate recognition method for passing vehicles under outside environment. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2000, 49, 2309–2319. [CrossRef] Neural Networks and Signal Processing,Nanjing, China , 14–17 December 2003; Volume 2, pp. 1066–1069.
Lin, N.H.; Aung, Y.L.; Khaing, W.K. Automatic vehicle license plate recognition system for smart transportation. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence System (IOTAIS), Bali, Indonesia, 1–3 November 2018; pp. 97–103.
Desai, G.G.; Bartakke, P.P. Real-Time Implementation Of Indian License Plate Recognition System. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Punecon, Pune, India, 30 November 2018; pp. 1–5.
Sasi, A.; Sharma, S.; Cheeran, A.N. Automatic car number plate recognition. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), Coimbatore, India, 17–18 March 2017; pp. 1–6.
Al-Shemarry, M.S.; Li, Y. Developing Learning-Based Preprocessing Methods for Detecting Complicated Vehicle Licence Plates. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 170951–170966. [CrossRef]
Dia, Y.; Zheng, N.; Zhang, X.; Xuan, G. Automatic recognition of province name on the license plate of moving vehicle. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Rome, Italy, 14–17 May 1988; pp. 927–929.
Hegt, H.A.; De La Haye, R.J.; Khan, N.A. A high performance license plate recognition system. In Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Cat. No. 98CH36218), San Diego, CA, USA, 14 October 1998; Volume 5, pp. 4357–4362.
Chang, S.L.; Chen, L.S.; Chung, Y.C.; Chen, S.W. Automatic license plate recognition. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 2004, 5, 42–53. [CrossRef]
Comelli, P.; Ferragina, P.; Granieri, M.N.; Stabile, F. Optical recognition of motor vehicle license plates. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 1995, 44, 790–799. [CrossRef]
Ko, M.A.; Kim, Y.M. A simple OCR method from strong perspective view. In Proceedings of the 33rd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR’04),Washington, DC, USA, 13–15 October 2004; pp. 235–240.
Kim, M.K.; Kwon, Y.B. Multi-font and multi-size character recognition based on the sampling and quantization of an unwrapped contour. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vienna, Austria, 25–29 August 1996; Volume 3, pp. 170–174.
Hu, P.; Zhao, Y.; Yang, Z.;Wang, J. Recognition of gray character using gabor filters. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Fusion. FUSION 2002.(IEEE Cat. No. 02EX5997), Annapolis, MD, USA, 8–11 July 2002; Volume 1, pp. 419–424.
Abdullah, S.N.H.S.; Khalid, M.; Yusof, R.; Omar, K. License plate recognition using multi-cluster and multilayer neural networks. In Proceedings of the 2006 2nd International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies, Damascus, Syria, 24–28 April 2006; Volume 1, pp. 1818–1823.
Abdullah, S.N.H.S.; Khalid, M.; Yusof, R.; Omar, K. Comparison of feature extractors in license plate recognition. In Proceedings of the First Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS’07), Phyket, Thailand, 27–30 March 2007; pp. 502–506.
Duangphasuk, P.; Thammano, A. Thai vehicle license plate recognition using the hierarchical cross-correlation ARTMAP. In Proceedings of the 2006 3rd International IEEE Conference Intelligent Systems, London, UK, 4–6 September 2006; pp. 652–655.
Jiao, J.; Ye, Q.; Huang, Q. A configurable method for multi-style license plate recognition. Pattern Recognit. 2009, 42, 358–369. [CrossRef]
Amit, Y.; Geman, D.; Fan, X. A coarse-to-fine strategy for multiclass shape detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 2004, 26, 1606–1621. [CrossRef]
Amit, Y. A neural network architecture for visual selection. Neural Comput. 2000, 12, 1141–1164. [CrossRef]
Amit, Y.; Geman, D. A computational model for visual selection. Neural Comput. 1999, 11, 1691–1715. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Wang, S.Z.; Lee, H.J. A cascade framework for a real-time statistical plate recognition system. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 2007, 2, 267–282. [CrossRef]
