An Analysis on the Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Institutional Investment Flows on Indian Stock and Capital Market: The Impact of Foreign Investment on the Indian Stock and Capital Markets

Abstract

Foreign investment wasintroduced in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA). This step wastaken to add some source of capital formation in India as other developingeconomies were already in this practice. As a result inflow of Foreign Capitalhas become striking measure of economic development in both developed anddeveloping countries Now the developing countries are witnessing changes in thecomposition of capital flows in their economies because of the expansion andintegration of the world equity market. FDI and FII thus have become instrumentsof international economic integration and stimulation. The Indian stock marketsare also experiencing this change. FDI & FII are becoming important sourceof finance in developing countries including India. It is widely assumed thatFDI & FII along with some other external factors such as global economiccues, Exchange rate and Internal factors such as demand and supply, marketcapitalization, EPS generally drive and dictates the Indian stock market. Unprecedented globalizations have witnessed double digit economicgrowth resulting in fierce competition and accelerated pace of innovation. As aresult inflow of Foreign Direct investments has become a striking measure ofeconomic development in both developed and developing countries. FDI and FII thushave become instruments of international economic integration and stimulation.Fast growing economies like Singapore, China, Korea etc. have registeredincredible growth at onset of FDI. Though US captures most of the FDI inflows,developing countries still account for significant growth of FDI and rise inFII. FDI not only gives access to foreign capital but also provides domesticcountries with cutting edge technology, desired skill sets, tools of innovationand other complementary skills. The policies drafted to stimulate the flow offoreign capital in to India provided much needed impetus for India to emerge asan attractive destination for foreign investors. External factors such asglobal economic cues, FDI & FII, Exchange rate and Internal factors such asdemand and supply, market cap, EPS generally drive and dictates the Indianstock market. Sensex and Nifty were considered as the representative of stock marketas they are the most popular Indian stock market indices. Based on 11 yearsdata starting from 2001 to 2011, it was found that the flow of FDI & FIIwas moving in tandem with Sensex and Nifty. The study concludes that Flow ofFDIs and FIIs in India determines the trend of Indian stock market.