Mechanisms and Implications of Electron Pitch Angle Scattering by Whistler Mode Waves in Earth's Magnetosphere: A Comprehensive Review
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Electron pitch angle scattering by whistler-mode waves is one of the key processes in the magnetospheric dynamics affecting the radiation belt populations and leading to the energetic electron precipitation. This review gives a detailed description of the processes that govern pitch angle scattering, linear and nonlinear interactions between waves and particles, with the emphasis on oblique whistler mode waves. Remote sensing data from satellites and other sources, as well as from in-situ measurements, and analysis from modeling and simulation show that these interactions are not straightforward. The consequences of scattering, including the loss of radiation belts, aurorae, and space weather effects, are described. There is a call for improved modeling and better observational methods to solve existing problems. The goal of this review is to provide an up-to-date review of the literature and to outline the directions for future research in this important field of space physics.
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