Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles as Osmoprotectants: A Review of their Role in Mitigating Osmotic Stress in Banana and Citrus Crops

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Published: Mar 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29070/k060p752
Keywords:
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles, Osmotic stress, Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus (Citrus spp.), Osmoprotectants, Antioxidant defense, Agricultural nanotechnology

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Authors

Ramesh Shesherao Gaikwad

Research Scholar, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan

Dr. P Pavadai

Professor, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan

Abstract

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂-NPs) have emerged as promising abiotic stress alleviators in horticultural crops, yet their specific applications in banana (Musa spp.) and citrus (Citrus spp.) under osmotic stress remain underexplored. Osmotic stress, primarily induced by salinity and drought, disrupts water uptake, nutrient balance, and metabolic homeostasis, leading to reduced growth, yield, and fruit quality. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the physicochemical properties of SiO₂-NPs, their modes of action as osmoprotectants, and the mechanisms by which they enhance plant tolerance to osmotic challenges. We examine seed priming and foliar application strategies, highlighting how SiO₂-NPs modulate antioxidant defense systems, osmolyte accumulation (e.g., proline, soluble sugars), and membrane stability in banana and citrus. Comparative analyses of nanoparticle size, concentration, and surface modifications reveal optimal treatment parameters that maximize stress mitigation while minimizing phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the review addresses uptake pathways, translocation dynamics, and potential interactions with endogenous silicon transporters. Emerging omics-based insights into gene expression and metabolomic shifts provide a deeper understanding of SiO₂-NP–mediated stress resilience. Finally, we discuss environmental safety considerations, regulatory challenges, and future research directions, including field-scale trials and integration with precision agriculture. By consolidating recent advances and identifying critical knowledge gaps, this review offers a practical framework for the development of SiO₂-NP–based interventions to sustain banana and citrus production under increasingly prevalent osmotic stress conditions.

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Vol. 21 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (JAST)

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