As a result of its efficacy and extensive application, there are a range of biological therapeutic approaches available today. The vast majority of dairy waste is biodegradable, has an unpleasant odour, and contains a substantial quantity of oil. The contamination of water by untreated dairy waste led to the spread of several diseases among humans and animals. Because of this, it is probable that the majority of currently functioning dairies utilise activated sludge-based treatment facilities. The nutritional content of dairy effluent cannot be eliminated using this method of treatment. Dairy effluent has sufficient nutrients for biological growth, and biological treatment approaches are believed to be more successful and economical. The processing of milk and other dairy products generates foul-smelling effluent due to the presence of a substantial amount of organic materials. This wastewater also contains a notable quantity of COD and BOD. The growth in human population has resulted in a rise in the amount of water contamination. Concerns over the diverse types and amounts of garbage that are created and deposited into natural water sources have led to the implementation of new regional water quality regulations.