A Study of Solid-State Lighting for Rare Earth Ions Experiments: Advancements in Solid-State Lighting using Rare Earth Ions

Abstract

The aim of this study is to the best of one’s knowledge, this is the first time that blue lightemitting flexible AC powder electroluminescence (ACPEL) devices have been fabricated with undoped andEuropium incorporated ZnGa2O4 as well as undoped CaWO4 phosphors and their characteristics weretested. The materials that are directly or indirectly used to advance the existing technology or to developnew technologies are technologically important. It can be achieved by improving performance, improvingactivity or changing the overall performance of the device in terms of accuracy, cost, handling and safetyetc. In the last few years a major progress in the phosphorus sector has been explored through theintroduction in different host matrices of phosphorus for solid state lighting applications of transitionalmetal ions and trivalent rare earth ions (lanthanides), the use of luminescent centers (dopants). Usually,most phosphors consist of a host material that is composed of a family of sulphides, phosphates,aluminats, oxides, molybdates, tungsten sulphides, silicates etc (transition metal ions and lanthanides).The host grating is usually a wide-band semi-conductor or insulator and it is suitable for accommodatingdoping ions. The host compound also controls little of the luminescent phosphorus' physical andchemical behavior, such as emission intensity and life-long properties. In most cases, the concentrationlevels of dopant ions or activator ions range from a few ppm to 1 to 5 ppm in host trees. Soft -chemicalpathways are a technique for low-temperature synthesis which permits better reaction compositionalhomogeneity. However, it is important to ensure that certain compounds such as transitional metals andrare earth based oxides have their synthesis, chemical and thermal stability. In order to obtain thesetechnologically significant materials, a careful choice of preparation techniques and the fine tuning ofprocess parameters are necessary.