A Study on Toxic Effects of Wastewater from Drain to Freshwater Fish Rohu: Assessment of Toxic Effects of Wastewater on Freshwater Fish and Water Quality

Abstract

This study will explore the acute toxicity of untreated water from Labeo rohita in order to betterunderstand potential health risks. The CA divided the agglomerative hierarchy's four sample seasons intotwo clusters. Based on similarity and distance indices, CA determined that the water quality during therainy season (cluster I) was distinct from that of the other three seasons (cluster II). Three crucialcomponents for temporal water quality assessments were found using the PCAFA. The variables withthe largest factor loadings (>0.90), such as EC, TD, LP, TS, TDS, TSS, N, NH4-N, NO3-N, SO4-N, and Ni,have an impact on PC1, which explains 52.5 of the variation. PC2 accounts for 29.2 of the variationand includes Mg, AK, COD, OG, P, and Cd. According to PC3, pH, TH, and K account for 18.3 of thevariation. Minerals, organic, industrial, agricultural, and environmental contaminants that wereresponsible for the decline in drain water quality were found using PCAFA. On the basis of time andconcentration, scale morphological alterations were seen. Lepidontal breakage and uprooting,destructions at the bases of circuli and radii, complete structural loss in the focal area, neighbouringcirculi and radii, and changes in tubercle structure were also seen at the anterior and posterior regionsof scales.