Studies of Wastewater Management through Microbiology of Constructed Wetland

Abstract

Constructed wetlands are distinguished by certain environmental factors that let many physical and biological processes to occur simultaneously. This is the outcome of a particular habitat that supports the development of microbes and hydrophytes, which are plants that can live in aquatic and semiaquatic environments and are capable of anaerobic, anaerobic, and aerobic environments. Their combined activity amplifies the processes of oxidation and reduction, which are in charge of eliminating and holding onto contaminants. Sorption, sedimentation, and absorption all aid in these processes. Treatment wetland systems have been employed in community management for more than 50 years because of these benefits. Constructed wetlands are becoming more and more popular for treating or pre-treating many kinds of industrial wastewater because of their benefits, cheap operating costs, and high removal efficiency. The paper examines how these facilities are being used worldwide to treat industrial wastewater. With a focus on particular and distinctive pollutants from industries, the conditions of usage and efficacy of pollutants removal from wastewater that degrades quickly and slowly were described. The article addressed the use of subsurface horizontal flow beds for the treatment of wastewater from various industrial processes, including the manufacturing of paper, oil, and coffee, as well as the food sector, which includes wineries and distilleries. Constructed wetlands are used in Poland to treat wastewater and milk processing sludge on a pilot size or to dewater sewage sludge generated in municipal wastewater treatment plants that handle household sewage with around 40% of wastewater from the dairy and fish industries. Constructed wetlands provide the so-called ecosystem function in addition to an adequate degree of treatment in every instance.