Refinement of an Established Wastewater Process to Accomplish Biological Nitrogen Removal: A Review: Innovative Strategies for Water Treatment and Nutrient Removal

Abstract

Water shortage is becoming an increasing dominant problem in many coastal areas in both low and high income countries. Due to rapid urbanization and climate change, traditional measures (like water saving, fresh water transport from far away or rainwater harvesting) and advanced solutions (sea water desalination by reverse osmosis) become insufficient, less cost effective andor environmentally unsustainable in matching the ever growing water demand. Advanced water treatment is being required to meet water quality objectives in that water in which the growth of aquatic plant, algae is excessive and causing biological impact the growth of these photosynthetic organism is being stimulated by available nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) that are normally limiting in natural waters. As effluent discharge permit limits become more stringent, utilities are constantly searching for efficient and cost effective methods to meet these tighter restrictions. Many different technological strategies have been developed that attempt to address this growing concern. This paper illustrates and describs the design, which utilizes an innovative process to maintain an optimum biomass concentration within the media.